renfermer

French

Etymology

From re- +‎ enfermer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.me/

• audio

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Verb

renfermer

1. (transitive, dated) to lock again, to re-lock
2. (transitive) to contain, encompass
3. (reflexive) to withdraw into oneself

Conjugation

Conjugation of renfermer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	renfermer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	renfermant /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		renfermé /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.me/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	renferme /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁm/	renfermes /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁm/	renferme /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁm/	renfermons /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mɔ̃/	renfermez /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.me/	renferment /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁm/
	imperfect	renfermais /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mɛ/	renfermais /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mɛ/	renfermait /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mɛ/	renfermions /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/	renfermiez /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mje/	renfermaient /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mɛ/
	past historic2	renfermai /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.me/	renfermas /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.ma/	renferma /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.ma/	renfermâmes /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mam/	renfermâtes /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mat/	renfermèrent /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mɛʁ/
	future	renfermerai /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/	renfermeras /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/	renfermera /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/	renfermerons /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/	renfermerez /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/	renfermeront /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	renfermerais /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/	renfermerais /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/	renfermerait /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/	renfermerions /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/	renfermeriez /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mə.ʁje/	renfermeraient /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	renferme /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁm/	renfermes /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁm/	renferme /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁm/	renfermions /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/	renfermiez /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mje/	renferment /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁm/
	imperfect2	renfermasse /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mas/	renfermasses /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mas/	renfermât /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.ma/	renfermassions /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/	renfermassiez /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.ma.sje/	renfermassent /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	renferme /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁm/	—	renfermons /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.mɔ̃/	renfermez /ʁɑ̃.fɛʁ.me/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “renfermer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.