Swahili[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Arabic اِسْتَعْرَبَ (istaʕraba, “to adopt Arab customs”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
staarabu (invariable)
- civilized, cultivated
- wise
Derived terms[edit]
-staarabu (infinitive kustaarabu)
- to be civilized, be polite and well-mannered
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of -staarabu
|
Positive present
|
-nastaarabu
|
Subjunctive
|
-staarabu
|
Negative
|
-staarabu
|
Imperative singular
|
staarabu
|
|
Infinitives
|
|
Imperatives
|
|
Tensed forms
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Habitual
|
hustaarabu
|
Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -listaarabu
|
Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kustaarabu
|
|
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nastaarabu)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st person
|
ninastaarabu/nastaarabu
|
tunastaarabu
|
2nd person
|
unastaarabu
|
mnastaarabu
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anastaarabu
|
wanastaarabu
|
other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nastaarabu
|
|
Negative present (negative subject concord + -staarabu)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st person
|
sistaarabu
|
hatustaarabu
|
2nd person
|
hustaarabu
|
hamstaarabu
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hastaarabu
|
hawastaarabu
|
other classes
|
negative subject concord + -staarabu
|
|
Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tastaarabu
|
Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tastaarabu
|
|
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -staarabu)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st person
|
nistaarabu
|
tustaarabu
|
2nd person
|
ustaarabu
|
mstaarabu
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
astaarabu
|
wastaarabu
|
other classes
|
positive subject concord + -staarabu
|
|
Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sistaarabu
|
Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngestaarabu
|
Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singestaarabu
|
Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalistaarabu
|
Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalistaarabu
|
|
|
Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mestaarabu
|
"Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshastaarabu
|
"Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jastaarabu
|
"If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kistaarabu
|
"If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipostaarabu
|
Consecutive
|
kastaarabu / positive subject concord + -kastaarabu
|
Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kastaarabu
|
|
|
|
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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Derived terms[edit]