stonen

English

Etymology

From Middle English stonen, alteration (due to stone) of earlier stenen, from Old English stǣnen (“stony; of stone, hard as stone; stone, made of stone, built of stone”), from Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz (“made of stone”), equivalent to stone +‎ -en. Cognate with Dutch stenen (“stonen”), German Low German stenen (“stonen”), German steinen (“stonen”).

Adjective

stonen (comparative more stonen, superlative most stonen)

1. (archaic) Consisting or made of stone.
   • 1869, William Barnes, Poems of rural life in common English:

     […] And up these well-worn blocks of stone
     I came when I first ran alone,
     The stonen stairs beclimb'd the mound,
     Ere father put a foot to ground, […]

Translations

Made of stone

• Dutch: stenen (nl)
• German: steinen (de), steinern (de)
• Ingrian: kiviin
• Japanese: 石製 (ja) (せきせい, sekisei)
• Luxembourgish: stengen
• Polish: kamienny (pl)

Anagrams

• Neston, non est, nonets, senton, sonnet, tennos, tenons, tenson, tonnes

Middle English

Etymology 1

From earlier stenen, from Old English stǣnen, from Proto-West Germanic *stainīn, Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz. Equivalent to ston +‎ -en (“made of”).

Alternative forms

• stanene, stonene, stonon, stonun, stonyn, stoonen

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɔːnən/

Adjective

stonen

1. Composed or built of stone.

   Synonym: stenen

Descendants

• English: stonen

See also

• rochen

References

• “stōnen(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-09.

Etymology 2

From stone +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

Alternative forms

• stain, stane, stone, stoonen

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɔːnən/

Verb

stonen

1. (transitive, intransitive) To throw stones.
2. (transitive) To stone, execute using stones.
3. (intransitive) To remove or eliminate stones or rocks.

Conjugation

Conjugation of stonen (weak in -ed)

infinitive	(to) stonen, stone
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	stone	stoned
2nd-person singular	stonest	stonedest
3rd-person singular	stoneth	stoned
subjunctive singular	stone
imperative singular		—
plural1	stonen, stone	stoneden, stonede
imperative plural	stoneth, stone	—
participles	stonynge, stonende	stoned, ystoned

¹Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

• English: stone
• Scots: stane, steen

References

• “stōnen, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-27.

Etymology 3

From ston +‎ -en (plural suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɔːnən/

Noun

stonen

2. plural of stone