survival

English

Etymology

From survive +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /səˈvaɪ.vəl/, /səˈvʌɪ.vəl/

  • Audio (Southern England)

    (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/
• Rhymes: -aɪvəl

Noun

survival (countable and uncountable, plural survivals)

1. The fact or act of surviving; continued existence or life.

   His survival in the open ocean was a miracle; he had fully expected to die.

2. (as a modifier) Of, relating to or aiding survival.

   persecution survival plan

   His survival kit had all the things he needed in the wilderness.

   • 1978 April 15, Pat M. Kuras, “Why's a Nice Dyke Like Me Writing For A Paper Like This?”, in Gay Community News, page 9:

     When I am not playing pinball or working at my survival job, I am usually writing.

3. (sports) The avoidance of relegation or demotion to a lower league or division.
   • 2000, Dan Goldstein, The Rough Guide to English Football: A Fans' Handbook 2000-2001‎^[1]:

     […] a team that have turned snatching relegation from the jaws of top-flight survival into an art form […]

   • 2013, Alan Stubbs, How Football Saved My Life, page 139:

     "Before you know it, you find yourself flirting around the relegation places and the season becomes a battle for survival."

4. (anthropology) A custom or belief that persists in folklore from earlier times, when the rationale behind it is forgotten.
   • 1871, Edward Burnett Tylor, Primitive culture: researches into the development of mythology, philosophy, religion, language, art, and custom‎^[IA], Volume 1, chapter 3: "Survival in culture", page 78:

     Thus, if some old rhyme or saying has in one place a solemn import in philosophy or religion, while elsewhere it lies at the level of the nursery, there is some ground for treating the serious version as the more original, and the playful one as its mere lingering survival.

   • 1894, James William Black, “Savagery and survivals”, in Popular Science Monthly, volume 45, page 391:

     Another survival of marriage by capture is discovered among the Ceylonese, where it is common at royal marriages for the king and queen to throw perfumed balls and squirt scented water at each other.

   • 1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, Phase the First: The Maiden, chapter 2:

     The banded ones were all dressed in white gowns — a gay survival from Old Style days, when cheerfulness and May-time were synonyms — days before the habit of taking long views had reduced emotions to a monotonous average.

Derived terms

• Parfitian survival
• survival analysis
• survival bag
• survival bias
• survival game
• survival horror
• survival instinct
• survivalism
• survival kit
• survival knife
• survival of the fittest
• survival rate
• survival sex
• survival skill
• survival statute
• survival value

 

Translations

continued existence or life

• Albanian: mbijetesë (sq) f
• Arabic: please add this translation if you can
• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Belarusian: выжыва́нне n (vyžyvánnje), выжыва́ньне n (vyžyvánʹnje) (Taraškievica)
• Bulgarian: преживя́ване n (preživjávane), оцеляване n (oceljavane)
• Catalan: supervivència f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 生存 (zh) (shēngcún)

• Czech: přežití n
• Danish: overlevelse (da) c
• Dutch: overleven (nl) n, overleving (nl) f
• Emilian: please add this translation if you can
• Esperanto: transvivo
• Estonian: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: eloonjääminen, selviytyminen (fi)
• French: survie (fr) f
• Friulian: sorevivence f
• Galician: supervivencia f
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Überleben (de) n
• Greek: επιβίωση (el) f (epivíosi)
• Hungarian: túlélés (hu)
• Irish: maireachtáil
• Italian: sopravvivenza (it) f
• Japanese: 生存 (ja) (せいぞん, seizon), サバイバル (sabaibaru)
• Khmer: ការរស់រានមានជីវិត (kaa rŭəh riən miən ciivɨt)
• Korean: 생존 (ko) (saengjon)
• Latvian: izdzīvošana f
• Ligurian: sopravivénsa f
• Lithuanian: išlikimas m
• Lombard: please add this translation if you can
• Macedonian: опстанок m (opstanok)
• Malay: please add this translation if you can
• Neapolitan: please add this translation if you can
• Norwegian: overlevelse c
• Occitan: subrevida f
• Piedmontese: please add this translation if you can
• Polish: przetrwanie (pl) n, przeżycie (pl) n
• Portuguese: sobrevivência (pt) f
• Romagnol: please add this translation if you can
• Romanian: supraviețuire (ro) f
• Russian: выжива́ние (ru) n (vyživánije)
• Slovak: prežitie n
• Spanish: supervivencia (es) f
• Swahili: kuishi, kusalimika
• Swedish: överlevnad (sv)
• Tagalog: lighay
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: hayatta kalma
• Ukrainian: вижива́ння n (vyžyvánnja)
• Walloon: sorvicaedje (wa) m
• Yiddish: קיום m (kiyem), איבערלעבונג f (iberlebung)

persistent custom or belief

• Belarusian: перажы́так m (pjeražýtak)
• Bulgarian: отживе́лица (bg) f (otživélica)
• German: Relikt (de) n, Überbleibsel (de) n, Überlebsel n, Überrest (de) m
• Japanese: 残存 (ja) (ざんぞん, zanzon), 遺物 (ja) (いぶつ, ibutsu)
• Russian: пережи́ток (ru) m (perežítok)
• Ukrainian: пере́житок m (peréžytok), пережи́ток m (perežýtok)

Further reading

• “survival”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “survival”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Polish

Alternative forms

• surwiwal

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English survival.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /surˈvi.val/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ival
• Syllabification: sur‧vi‧val

Noun

survival m inan (related adjective survivalowy)

1. (sports) survival (avoidance of relegation or demotion to a lower league or division)

Declension

Declension of survival

	singular
nominative	survival
genitive	survivalu
dative	survivalowi
accusative	survival
instrumental	survivalem
locative	survivalu
vocative	survivalu

Derived terms

nouns

• survivalowiec

 

Further reading

• survival in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• survival in Polish dictionaries at PWN