شب

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See also: شپ, سپ, and ست

Arabic[edit]

Root
ش ب ب (š-b-b)

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

شَبَّ • (šabba) I, non-past يَشِبُّ‎ (yašibbu)

  1. to become a young adult, to grow up
    Synonym: بَلَغَ (balaḡa)

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
شَبَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns شَبَاب or شَبِيب)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
šabāb or šabīb
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
šābb
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
šababtu
šababta
شَبَّ

šabba
šababtumā
šabbā
šababnā
šababtum
šabbū
f
šababti
šabbat
šabbatā
šababtunna
šababna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔašibbu
tašibbu
yašibbu
tašibbāni
yašibbāni
našibbu
tašibbūna
yašibbūna
f
tašibbīna
tašibbu
tašibbāni
tašbibna
yašbibna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔašibba
tašibba
yašibba
tašibbā
yašibbā
našibba
tašibbū
yašibbū
f
tašibbī
tašibba
tašibbā
tašbibna
yašbibna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔašibba or ʔašibbi or ʔašbib
tašibba or tašibbi or tašbib
yašibba or yašibbi or yašbib
tašibbā
yašibbā
našibba or našibbi or našbib
tašibbū
yašibbū
f
tašibbī
tašibba or tašibbi or tašbib
tašibbā
tašbibna
yašbibna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
شِبَّ or شِبِّ or اِشْبِبْ

šibba or šibbi or išbib
šibbā
šibbū
f
šibbī
išbibna

Derived terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

شَبَّ • (šabba) I, non-past يَشِبُّ or يَشُبُّ‎ (yašibbu or yašubbu)

  1. to be brisk, to be lively, to be sprightly
  2. to raise one's head (as when trying to reach or look at something), to stand on the tiptoes, to stretch up
    Synonym: اِشْرَأَبَّ (išraʔabba, “to raise one's head, to lift one's eyes, to look up”)
    • 2018, وَجْدِيّ الْأَهْدَل, أرض المؤامرات السعيدة, Bayrūt: Nawfal / Hachette Antoine, →ISBN, page 47:
      كان هناك ولد صغير يتكلّم ويحاول أن يشبّ على أصابعه لينظر من النافذة.
      There was a small boy talking and trying to rear on his toes to look through the window.
  3. (of an animal, such as a horse) to raise the forelegs, to prance

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
شَبَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns شِبَاب or شُبُوب or شَبِيب)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
šibāb or šubūb or šabīb
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
šābb
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
šababtu
šababta
شَبَّ

šabba
šababtumā
šabbā
šababnā
šababtum
šabbū
f
šababti
šabbat
šabbatā
šababtunna
šababna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔašibbu or ʔašubbu
tašibbu or tašubbu
yašibbu or yašubbu
tašibbāni or tašubbāni
yašibbāni or yašubbāni
našibbu or našubbu
tašibbūna or tašubbūna
yašibbūna or yašubbūna
f
tašibbīna or tašubbīna
tašibbu or tašubbu
tašibbāni or tašubbāni
tašbibna or tašbubna
yašbibna or yašbubna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔašibba or ʔašubba
tašibba or tašubba
yašibba or yašubba
tašibbā or tašubbā
yašibbā or yašubbā
našibba or našubba
tašibbū or tašubbū
yašibbū or yašubbū
f
tašibbī or tašubbī
tašibba or tašubba
tašibbā or tašubbā
tašbibna or tašbubna
yašbibna or yašbubna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔašibba or ʔašibbi or ʔašbib or ʔašubba or ʔašubbi or ʔašbub
tašibba or tašibbi or tašbib or tašubba or tašubbi or tašbub
yašibba or yašibbi or yašbib or yašubba or yašubbi or yašbub
tašibbā or tašubbā
yašibbā or yašubbā
našibba or našibbi or našbib or našubba or našubbi or našbub
tašibbū or tašubbū
yašibbū or yašubbū
f
tašibbī or tašubbī
tašibba or tašibbi or tašbib or tašubba or tašubbi or tašbub
tašibbā or tašubbā
tašbibna or tašbubna
yašbibna or yašbubna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
شِبَّ or شِبِّ or اِشْبِبْ or شُبَّ or شُبِّ or اُشْبُبْ

šibba or šibbi or išbib or šubba or šubbi or ušbub
šibbā or šubbā
šibbū or šubbū
f
šibbī or šubbī
išbibna or ušbubna

Verb[edit]

شَبَّ • (šabba) I, non-past يَشُبُّ‎ (yašubbu)

  1. (transitive) to kindle, to inflame, to ignite (also figuratively, such as of war kindled)
    1. (intransitive, of a fire) to break out
  2. to raise, to lift; to heighten; to highlight, to intensify (also figuratively, and particularly if done with colours or when referring to physical qualities and attributes, such as beauty and attractiveness)

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
شَبَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal noun شَبّ)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
شَبّ

šabb
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
šābb
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
mašbūb
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
šababtu
šababta
شَبَّ

šabba
šababtumā
šabbā
šababnā
šababtum
šabbū
f
šababti
šabbat
šabbatā
šababtunna
šababna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔašubbu
tašubbu
yašubbu
tašubbāni
yašubbāni
našubbu
tašubbūna
yašubbūna
f
tašubbīna
tašubbu
tašubbāni
tašbubna
yašbubna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔašubba
tašubba
yašubba
tašubbā
yašubbā
našubba
tašubbū
yašubbū
f
tašubbī
tašubba
tašubbā
tašbubna
yašbubna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔašubba or ʔašubbi or ʔašbub
tašubba or tašubbi or tašbub
yašubba or yašubbi or yašbub
tašubbā
yašubbā
našubba or našubbi or našbub
tašubbū
yašubbū
f
tašubbī
tašubba or tašubbi or tašbub
tašubbā
tašbubna
yašbubna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
شُبَّ or شُبِّ or اُشْبُبْ

šubba or šubbi or ušbub
šubbā
šubbū
f
šubbī
ušbubna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
šubibtu
šubibta
شُبَّ

šubba
šubibtumā
šubbā
šubibnā
šubibtum
šubbū
f
šubibti
šubbat
šubbatā
šubibtunna
šubibna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔušabbu
tušabbu
yušabbu
tušabbāni
yušabbāni
nušabbu
tušabbūna
yušabbūna
f
tušabbīna
tušabbu
tušabbāni
tušbabna
yušbabna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔušabba
tušabba
yušabba
tušabbā
yušabbā
nušabba
tušabbū
yušabbū
f
tušabbī
tušabba
tušabbā
tušbabna
yušbabna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔušabba or ʔušabbi or ʔušbab
tušabba or tušabbi or tušbab
yušabba or yušabbi or yušbab
tušabbā
yušabbā
nušabba or nušabbi or nušbab
tušabbū
yušabbū
f
tušabbī
tušabba or tušabbi or tušbab
tušabbā
tušbabna
yušbabna

Noun[edit]

شَبّ • (šabb) m

  1. verbal noun of شَبَّ (šabba, “to raise; to kindle”) (form I)

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun شَبّ (šabb)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal شَبّ
šabb 		الشَّبّ
aš-šabb 		شَبّ
šabb
Nominative شَبٌّ
šabbun 		الشَّبُّ
aš-šabbu 		شَبُّ
šabbu
Accusative شَبًّا
šabban 		الشَّبَّ
aš-šabba 		شَبَّ
šabba
Genitive شَبٍّ
šabbin 		الشَّبِّ
aš-šabbi 		شَبِّ
šabbi
Arabic Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ar

Noun[edit]

شَبّ • (šabb) m (collective, singulative شَبَّة f (šabba))

  1. vitriol
    Synonym: زَاج (zāj)
  2. alum

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun شَبّ (šabb)
Collective basic collective triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal شَبّ
šabb 		الشَّبّ
aš-šabb 		شَبّ
šabb
Nominative شَبٌّ
šabbun 		الشَّبُّ
aš-šabbu 		شَبُّ
šabbu
Accusative شَبًّا
šabban 		الشَّبَّ
aš-šabba 		شَبَّ
šabba
Genitive شَبٍّ
šabbin 		الشَّبِّ
aš-šabbi 		شَبِّ
šabbi
Singulative singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal شَبَّة
šabba 		الشَّبَّة
aš-šabba 		شَبَّة
šabbat
Nominative شَبَّةٌ
šabbatun 		الشَّبَّةُ
aš-šabbatu 		شَبَّةُ
šabbatu
Accusative شَبَّةً
šabbatan 		الشَّبَّةَ
aš-šabbata 		شَبَّةَ
šabbata
Genitive شَبَّةٍ
šabbatin 		الشَّبَّةِ
aš-šabbati 		شَبَّةِ
šabbati
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal شَبَّتَيْن
šabbatayn 		الشَّبَّتَيْن
aš-šabbatayn 		شَبَّتَيْ
šabbatay
Nominative شَبَّتَانِ
šabbatāni 		الشَّبَّتَانِ
aš-šabbatāni 		شَبَّتَا
šabbatā
Accusative شَبَّتَيْنِ
šabbatayni 		الشَّبَّتَيْنِ
aš-šabbatayni 		شَبَّتَيْ
šabbatay
Genitive شَبَّتَيْنِ
šabbatayni 		الشَّبَّتَيْنِ
aš-šabbatayni 		شَبَّتَيْ
šabbatay
Paucal (3-10) sound feminine paucal
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal شَبَّات
šabbāt 		الشَّبَّات
aš-šabbāt 		شَبَّات
šabbāt
Nominative شَبَّاتٌ
šabbātun 		الشَّبَّاتُ
aš-šabbātu 		شَبَّاتُ
šabbātu
Accusative شَبَّاتٍ
šabbātin 		الشَّبَّاتِ
aš-šabbāti 		شَبَّاتِ
šabbāti
Genitive شَبَّاتٍ
šabbātin 		الشَّبَّاتِ
aš-šabbāti 		شَبَّاتِ
šabbāti

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Andalusian Arabic: شَبّ (šább)
  • → Middle Armenian: շիպ (šip)
  • → Georgian: შაბი (šabi)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: شاب (şab, şap)
  • → Urdu: شَبّ (šabb)

References[edit]

  • Freytag, Georg (1833) “شب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 386–387
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “شب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎[2], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1492–1493
  • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “شب”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 627–628

North Levantine Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic شابّ (šābb).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (Aleppo) /ʃabb/, [ʃæbː]
  • IPA(key): (Beirut) /ʃabb/, [ʃæbː]


  1. a male teenager or a young man up to the age of circa 30 years

Usage notes[edit]

  • The singular is restricted to males, the female equivalents being صبية (ṣabiyye) or بنت (bint). Predominantly, this restriction to the male sex also holds true for the plural, but not in all contexts. For example, when contrasting generations with each other, شباب (šabāb) may refer to the entire young generation. It is also possible to address a mixed group as يا شباب! (yā šabāb!).
  • The masculine plural may be explicitly specified with the word صبيان (ṣibyān, ṣubyān), though this is less common because the form tends to mean “[young] boys”.

Noun[edit]

شب • (šabb) m (plural شباب (šabāb))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Persian[edit]

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology[edit]

PIE word
*kʷséps

From Middle Persian [script needed] (LYLYA), [script needed] (šp /⁠šab⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎱 (xšap-), from Proto-Iranian *xšáfš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáps, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷséps. Cognate of Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣap).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? šaḇ
Dari reading? šab
Iranian reading? šab
Tajik reading? šab
  • audio(file)

Noun[edit]

Dari شب
Iranian Persian
Tajik шаб

شب • (šab) (plural شب‌ها (šab-hâ) or شبان (šabân))

  1. night
    • c. 1320, Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī, “Ghazal 3”, in دیوانِ امیرخسرو دهلوی [Divan of Amīr Khusraw]‎[4]:
      شبت خوش باد و خواب مستی‌ات سلطان و من هم خوش
      شبی گرچه نیاری یاد بیداران شبها را
      šab-at xwaš bād u xwāb-i mastī-yat sultān u man ham xwaš
      šabē garči nay-ārī yād-i bēdārān-i šabhā rā
      May your night and drunken sleep be happy, my sovereign! I am happy too,
      Even though you will not remember (for even one night) those who stay awake during night [out of love for you].
      (Classical Persian transliteration)
  2. evening

Derived terms[edit]

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic شَابّ (šābb).

Noun[edit]

شبّ • (šabb) m

  1. Alternative spelling of شابّ

Adjective[edit]

شبّ • (šabb)

  1. Alternative spelling of شابّ

Urdu[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian شب (šab). Cognate of Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣap).

Noun[edit]

شَب • (śab) f (Hindi spelling शब)

  1. night
  2. evening
Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic شَبّ (šabb).

Noun[edit]

شَب • (śab) m (Hindi spelling शब्ब)

  1. alum
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