冕

冕 U+5195, 冕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5195 ← 冔 [U+5194] CJK Unified Ideographs 冖 → [U+5196]

冕 U+2F8D3, 冕 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D3 ← 冒 [U+2F8D2] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 最 → [U+2F8D4]

Translingual

冕

Han character

冕 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日弓日山 (ANAU), four-corner 6041₆, composition ⿱冃免 (GTJV) or ⿱日免 (K))

1. crown
2. ceremonial cap

Derived characters

• 𪼚, 𨬋

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 129, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1545
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1514, character 6
• Unihan data for U+5195

• Unihan data for U+2F8D3

Chinese

simp. and trad.		冕
alternative forms		絻／𰬜

冕 (miǎn)

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (免) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
免	*mronʔ
娩	*mronʔ, *mronʔ, *m̥ʰons, *monʔ, *mons, *muns
勉	*mronʔ
俛	*mronʔ
鮸	*mronʔ
冕	*mronʔ
絻	*mronʔ, *moːn, *muns
婏	*m̥ʰos
浼	*muːlʔ
鞔	*moːn
悗	*moːn
嬎	*m̥ʰons
晚	*monʔ
挽	*monʔ
輓	*monʔ, *mons
脕	*monʔ, *mons, *muns
莬	*muns

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): miǎn (mian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁵
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bián

  (Teochew, Peng'im): miêng²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: miǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: miǎn
    • Wade–Giles: mien³
    • Yale: myǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mean
    • Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: min⁵
    • Yale: míhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: min⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: min⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: meng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: meng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián
    • Tâi-lô: bián
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biern
    • IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: miêng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miéng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mieŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: mjenX

Rime
Character	冕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	亡辨切
Baxter	mjenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiᴇnX/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚiɛnX/
Shao Rongfen	/miænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mianX/
Li Rong	/mjɛnX/
Wang Li	/mĭɛnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	min5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mr[o][r]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mronʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	冕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ mjenX ›
Old Chinese	/*mr[o][r]ʔ/
English	ceremonial cap
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冕
Reading #	1/1
No.	9071
Phonetic component	免
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	免
Old Chinese	/*mronʔ/

Definitions

冕

1. ceremonial cap; crown

   加冕  ―  jiāmiǎn  ―  to crown; to invest as monarch

   冠冕  ―  guànmiǎn  ―  official's hat; royal crown; official; leader

2. (by extension) things similar to a crown

   日冕  ―  rìmiǎn  ―  corona

   衛冕／卫冕  ―  wèimiǎn  ―  to defend one's title; to defend one's championship

Compounds

• 冕旒 (miǎnliú)
• 冕服
• 冠冕 (guānmiǎn)
• 冠冕堂皇 (guānmiǎntánghuáng)
• 冠冕衣裳
• 加冕 (jiāmiǎn)
• 北冕座 (Běimiǎnzuò)
• 南州冠冕
• 弁冕
• 旒冕
• 日冕 (rìmiǎn)
• 服冕乘軒／服冕乘轩
• 毳冕
• 沐猴冠冕 (mùhóuguànmiǎn)
• 無冕王／无冕王
• 王冕
• 紱冕／绂冕
• 衛冕／卫冕 (wèimiǎn)
• 袞冕／衮冕
• 裂冠毀冕／裂冠毁冕
• 軒冕／轩冕
• 鷩冕／𫜁冕
• 黻冕 (fúmiǎn)

 

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “冕”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.

Japanese

Kanji

冕

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: めん (men)
• Kan-on: べん (ben)
• Kun: かんむり (kanmuri, 冕)

Compounds

• 冕(べん)冠(かん) (benkan)
• 冕(べん)者(しゃ) (bensha)
• 冕(べん)服(ぷく) (benpuku)
• 冕(べん)旒(りゅう) (benryū)
• 冠(かん)冕(べん) (kanben)
• 軒(けん)冕(べん) (kenben)
• 玄(げん)冕(べん) (genben)
• 袞(こん)冕(べん) (konben)
• 毳(ぜい)冕(べん) (zeiben)
• 蟬(せん)冕(べん) (senben)
• 税(だつ)冕(べん) (datsuben)
• 紱(ふつ)冕(べん) (futsuben)
• 黻(ふつ)冕(べん) (futsuben)
• 麻(ま)冕(べん) (maben)
• 旒(りゅう)冕(べん) (ryūben)

 

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) べん [béꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

冕(べん) • (ben) 

1. crown

Synonyms

• 冕(べん)冠(かん) (benkan)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冕 (MC mjenX).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [mjʌ̹n]
• Phonetic hangul: [면]

Hanja

Wikisource

冕 (eumhun 면류관 면 (myeollyugwan myeon))

1. crown

Compounds

• 면관 (冕冠, myeon'gwan)
• 면류 (冕旒, myeollyu)
• 면류관 (冕旒冠, myeollyugwan)
• 면복 (冕服, myeonbok)
• 곤면 (衮冕, gonmyeon)
• 관면 (冠冕, gwanmyeon)
• 헌면 (軒冕, heonmyeon)

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 冕
• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
• Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005). [2]
• 冕 in dictionaries at daum.net

Vietnamese

Han character

冕: Hán Nôm readings: miện, mịn

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