堤防
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Chinese
[edit]dike | to protect; to defend; to guard (against) | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (堤防) |
堤 | 防 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧ ㄈㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: difáng
- Wade–Giles: ti1-fang2
- Yale: dī-fáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: difarng
- Palladius: дифан (difan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 堤防
提防
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ ㄈㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tífáng
- Wade–Giles: tʻi2-fang2
- Yale: tí-fáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyifarng
- Palladius: тифан (tifan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi³⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tai4 fong4
- Yale: tàih fòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tai4 fong4
- Guangdong Romanization: tei4 fong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɐi̯²¹ fɔːŋ²¹/
- Homophones:
堤防
提防
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Noun
[edit]堤防
Synonyms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
堤 | 防 |
てい Grade: S |
ぼう Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]/teibau/ → /teibɔː/ → /teiboː/
From Middle Chinese compound 堤防 (dei? bjang, literally “dike, embankment + dike”). Compare modern Cantonese reading tai4 fong4.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a levee, an embankment along a body of water, a dike
- 1949, 豊島与志雄, 男ぎらい:
- 小さな道を行き、少しく上ると、河の堤防の上に出ます。
- Chīsana michi o iki, sukoshiku agaru to, kawa no teibō no ue ni demasu.
- If you go down the narrow path and go up a little, you'll get to the top of the river embankment.
- 小さな道を行き、少しく上ると、河の堤防の上に出ます。
- 1949, 豊島与志雄, 男ぎらい:
See also
[edit]- 盛土 (moritsuchi), 盛土 (morido): a mound; a man-made embankment (not necessarily along a body of water), banking
Verb
[edit]堤防する • (teibō suru) ←ていばう (teibau)?suru (stem 堤防し (teibō shi), past 堤防した (teibō shita))
- to block off with an embankment
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "堤防する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 堤防し | ていぼうし | teibō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 堤防し | ていぼうし | teibō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 堤防する | ていぼうする | teibō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 堤防する | ていぼうする | teibō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 堤防すれ | ていぼうすれ | teibō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 堤防せよ¹ 堤防しろ² |
ていぼうせよ¹ ていぼうしろ² |
teibō seyo¹ teibō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 堤防される | ていぼうされる | teibō sareru | |
Causative | 堤防させる 堤防さす |
ていぼうさせる ていぼうさす |
teibō saseru teibō sasu | |
Potential | 堤防できる | ていぼうできる | teibō dekiru | |
Volitional | 堤防しよう | ていぼうしよう | teibō shiyō | |
Negative | 堤防しない | ていぼうしない | teibō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 堤防せず | ていぼうせず | teibō sezu | |
Formal | 堤防します | ていぼうします | teibō shimasu | |
Perfective | 堤防した | ていぼうした | teibō shita | |
Conjunctive | 堤防して | ていぼうして | teibō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 堤防すれば | ていぼうすれば | teibō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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