Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
犅 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹手月廿山 (HQBTU), four-corner 27520, composition ⿰牜岡)
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 702, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20056
- Dae Jaweon: page 1115, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1813, character 5
- Unihan data for U+7285
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 岡
|
*klaːŋ
|
| 崗
|
*klaːŋ
|
| 剛
|
*klaːŋ
|
| 掆
|
*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
|
| 鋼
|
*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
|
| 綱
|
*klaːŋ
|
| 犅
|
*klaːŋ
|
| 堈
|
*klaːŋ
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ) : semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ).
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gaŋ (“penis, male”) (STEDT).
Schuessler, (2007) minimally reconstructs OC *kâŋ from earlier *klaŋ and proposed OC word's cognacy to Mru klaŋ, Mizo tlaŋ (“male”), Karbi chè lóŋ (“buffalo”), and Tibetan གླང (glang, “ox”), the latter four from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *laŋ with animal prefix *s- or *k-; if so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/m-laŋ (“penis, male, husband”) (STEDT).
Gong (1995) instead relates Tibetan གླང (glang, “ox”) to Old Chinese 象 (OC *ljaŋʔ) "elephant".
Zev Handel also notes 犅 (OC *klaːŋ)'s parallel etymology with its homophone 岡 (OC *klaːŋ) "ridge" (Mand. gāng) in the same phonetic series.
Pronunciation[edit]
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
犅
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
3717
|
Phonetic
component
|
岡
|
Rime
group
|
陽
|
Rime
subdivision
|
0
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
岡
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*klaːŋ/
|
Definitions[edit]
犅
- bull
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of
公牛 (“bull; ox”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
犅, 特, 犆 †, 牯 †, 犍 †, 犗 †
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
公牛, 牯牛, 牡牛, 雄牛, 犍牛 †, 閹牛 †, 種牛 ‡
|
| Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
公牛
|
| Taiwan
|
公牛
|
| Langfang
|
牤牛
|
| Tangshan
|
牤牛
|
| Cangzhou
|
公牛
|
| Baoding
|
牤子
|
| Shijiazhuang
|
牤牛
|
| Daming
|
毛牛
|
| Ulanhot
|
牤牛, 牤子
|
| Tongliao
|
牤牛, 牤子
|
| Chifeng
|
牤牛
|
| Bayanhot
|
公牛, 犍牛
|
| Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
牤牛, 牤子
|
| Harbin
|
牤子, 牤牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Shenyang
|
牤子
|
| Yantai (Muping)
|
犍子, 蛋犍子
|
| Qingdao
|
公牛
|
| Jinan
|
牤牛, 公牛, 犍子 †
|
| Luoyang
|
公牛
|
| Wanrong
|
𤙎牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Zhengzhou
|
牤牛, 老犍 †
|
| Xi'an
|
公牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Yinchuan
|
騷牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Lanzhou
|
騷牛, 脬牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Xining
|
公牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Ürümqi
|
脬牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Wuhan
|
公牛, 牯牛
|
| Huanggang
|
牯牛
|
| Chengdu
|
公牛, 牯牛
|
| Guiyang
|
牯牛, 騷牯
|
| Kunming
|
公牛
|
| Guilin
|
公牛
|
| Liuzhou
|
公牛, 牛牯, 閹牯 †
|
| Xuzhou
|
牤牛, 牤犍 †, 犍子 †
|
| Yangzhou
|
公牛, 牯牛
|
| Nanjing
|
牯子, 騷牯子, 公牛 †
|
| Hefei
|
犍牛, 牯牛
|
| Nantong
|
公牛, 驐牛 †
|
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
脬牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)
|
脬牛, 犍牛 †
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Hong Kong
|
牛公, 公牛
|
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
|
牛公
|
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
|
牛公
|
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
|
牛牯
|
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
|
牛牯
|
| Macau
|
牛公
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
牛公
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
牛公
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
牛公
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
生牯, 牛牯 †
|
| Foshan
|
牛公
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
牛公
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
牛公
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
牛牯
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
牛牯
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
牛公
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan)
|
牛公
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)
|
牛牯
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
牛公
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
牛牯
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
牛牯
|
| Taishan
|
牛牯, 牛公
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
牛牯
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
牛牯
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
牛公
|
| Dongguan
|
牛公
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
牛公
|
| Qingyuan
|
牛牯
|
| Fogang
|
牛牯
|
| Yingde (Hanguang)
|
牛公
|
| Yangshan
|
牛牯
|
| Lianshan (Butian)
|
牛牯
|
| Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)
|
牛牯
|
| Shaoguan
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
牛牯
|
| Renhua
|
牛牯
|
| Lechang
|
牛牯
|
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
|
牛牯
|
| Sihui
|
牛牯
|
| Guangning
|
牛牯
|
| Deqing
|
牛公
|
| Huaiji
|
牛公
|
| Fengkai (Nanfeng)
|
牛牯
|
| Yunfu
|
牛牯
|
| Xinxing
|
牛牯
|
| Luoding
|
牛牯
|
| Yunan (Pingtai)
|
牛牯
|
| Yangjiang
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Xinyi
|
牛牯
|
| Lianjiang
|
牛公
|
| Nanning
|
牛公
|
| Wuzhou
|
牛牯
|
| Yulin
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Danzhou
|
公牛
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
牛公
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
牛公
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
牛牯, 樣牯子, 驐牯子 †
|
| Lichuan
|
牛牯, 結牛 †
|
| Pingxiang
|
牛牯, 牯牛, 閹牛牯 †
|
| Guixi
|
閹牯 †
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
牛牯, 牛牯仔
|
| Xingning
|
牛牯
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
牛牯, 牛公
|
| Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
牛公, 牛牯仔
|
| Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Boluo (Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
牛牯
|
| Zengcheng (Zhengguo)
|
牛牯
|
| Zhongshan (Wuguishan)
|
牛牯
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
牛牯
|
| Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
牛牯
|
| Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
牛牯
|
| Wuhua (Changbu)
|
牛牯
|
| Wuhua (Mianyang)
|
牛牯
|
| Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
牛牯
|
| Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)
|
牛牯
|
| Liannan
|
牛牯
|
| Conghua (Lütian)
|
牛牯
|
| Jiexi
|
牛牯
|
| Changting
|
牛牯
|
| Wuping
|
牛牯
|
| Ninghua
|
牛牯
|
| Yudu
|
牛牯
|
| Ruijin
|
牛牯 †
|
| Shicheng
|
牛牯
|
| Shangyou (Shexi)
|
牛牯
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
牛牯
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
牛牯
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
牛牯
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
牛牯
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
牛牯
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
牛牯
|
| Hong Kong
|
牛牯
|
| Luchuan
|
牛牯
|
| Luchuan (Daqiao)
|
牛牯頭
|
| Sabah (Longchuan)
|
牛牯
|
| Senai (Huiyang)
|
牛牯
|
| Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)
|
牛牯
|
| Singkawang
|
牛牯
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
牯牛, 驐牛 †
|
| Tunxi
|
公牛
|
| Yixian
|
牯牛, 犍牯
|
| Qimen
|
牯牛, 騷牯, 犍牯 †
|
| Wuyuan
|
牛牯仂
|
| Fuliang
|
牯牛 †
|
| Dexing
|
牛牯, 肉牛 †
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
公牛
|
| Pingyao
|
牙牛
|
| Xinzhou
|
公牛, 犍牛
|
| Taibus (Baochang)
|
牤牛
|
| Linhe
|
騷牛
|
| Jining
|
犍牛
|
| Hohhot
|
牤牛
|
| Baotou
|
犍牛
|
| Dongsheng
|
公牛
|
| Zhangjiakou
|
犍牛
|
| Handan
|
犍牛
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
牛牯
|
| Jian'ou (Dikou)
|
牛牯
|
| Songxi
|
牛牯
|
| Zhenghe
|
牛牯
|
| Zhenghe (Zhenqian)
|
牛牯, 羯牯 †
|
| Jianyang
|
牛牯
|
| Wuyishan
|
牛牯
|
| Pucheng (Shibei)
|
牛牯
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
牛犅
|
| Changle
|
牛犅
|
| Fuqing
|
牛犅
|
| Yongtai
|
牛犅
|
| Gutian
|
牛角
|
| Fu'an
|
牛牯
|
| Ningde
|
牛犅
|
| Shouning
|
牛牯
|
| Zhouning
|
牛牯
|
| Fuding
|
牛牯
|
| Matsu
|
牛犅
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
牛犅
|
| Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
牛犅
|
| Quanzhou
|
牛犅
|
| Jinjiang
|
牛犅
|
| Yongchun
|
牛犅, 牛牯 ‡
|
| Zhangzhou
|
牛犅 †
|
| Zhangzhou (Changtai)
|
牛犅
|
| Dongshan
|
牛公
|
| Taipei
|
牛犅
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
牛犅
|
| Kaohsiung
|
牛犅
|
| Yilan
|
牛犅
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
牛公, 牛犅仔
|
| Taichung
|
牛公
|
| Tainan
|
牛犅
|
| Hsinchu
|
牛犅
|
| Kinmen
|
牛犅
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
牛犅
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
牛公, 牛犅
|
| Zhangping
|
牛犅
|
| Zhangping (Yongfu)
|
牛牯, 牛犅
|
| Datian
|
牛犅
|
| Pingnan (Shangdu)
|
公牛
|
| Chaozhou
|
牛牯
|
| Shantou
|
牛牯
|
| Shantou (Chenghai)
|
牛牯
|
| Shantou (Chaoyang)
|
公牛
|
| Jieyang
|
牛牯
|
| Haifeng
|
牛牯
|
| Bangkok (Teochew)
|
牛公
|
| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
牛牯
|
| Leizhou
|
牛牯, 牛閹 †
|
| Wenchang
|
牛牯
|
| Haikou
|
牛公, 牛牯
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
牛公, 公牛
|
| Xianyou
|
牛公
|
| Fuding (Aoyao)
|
牛牯
|
| Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
牛牯
|
| Sanyuan
|
牛牯
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Shaxi (Longdu)
|
牛翁
|
| Sanxiang
|
牛牯
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
公牛, 牯牛
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
雄牛, 公牛, 驐牛 †
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
牯牛
|
| Shanghai (Jiading)
|
牯牛, 公牛, 驐牛 †
|
| Shanghai (Songjiang)
|
雄牛
|
| Suzhou
|
雄牛, 牯牛
|
| Wuxi
|
雄牛
|
| Danyang
|
公牛
|
| Hangzhou
|
公牛
|
| Ningbo
|
雄牛, 羯牛 †
|
| Wenzhou
|
牛牯
|
| Jinhua
|
雄牛, 牛牯, 羯牛 †
|
| Jinhua (Tangxi)
|
羯牯
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
牛牯子, 牛牯, 牯牛, 牛公子, 牛公, 騷牯子
|
| Xiangtan
|
牯牛
|
| Shuangfeng
|
牛牯
|
| Quanzhou
|
牯牛, 閹牛 †
|
| Note
|
† - bullock; ‡ - stud
|
