素晴らしい
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
素 | 晴 |
す Grade: 5 (ateji) |
は > ば Grade: 2 (ateji) |
goon | kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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素晴しい |
Etymology
[edit]Originally derived from 窄る (subaru, “to shrink, to get smaller”, archaic) + しい (-shii, adjectivizing suffix evoking the quality of the suffixed term), from the sense of “that which makes one shrink away”. Compare verbs 窄まる (subomaru), 窄める (subomeru). The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).
The initial sense was strongly negative, and this usage continued until at least the mid-1800s in the Edo period, since when the meaning shifted to a strong positive instead.[1][2][3] Compare the development of English terrific, of strongly positive meanings, from terrify, of strongly negative meanings.
The modern kanji spelling could be considered an example of ateji (当て字).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "素晴らしい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Continuative (連用形) | 素晴らしく | すばらしく すばらしく |
[sùbáráꜜshìkù] [sùbáráshíꜜkù] |
Terminal (終止形) | 素晴らしい | すばらしい | [sùbáráshíꜜì] |
Attributive (連体形) | 素晴らしい | すばらしい | [sùbáráshíꜜì] |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 素晴らしくない | すばらしくない すばらしくない |
[sùbáráꜜshìkùnàì] [sùbáráshíꜜkùnàì] |
Informal past | 素晴らしかった | すばらしかった すばらしかった |
[sùbáráꜜshìkàttà] [sùbáráshíꜜkàttà] |
Informal negative past | 素晴らしくなかった | すばらしくなかった すばらしくなかった |
[sùbáráꜜshìkùnàkàttà] [sùbáráshíꜜkùnàkàttà] |
Formal | 素晴らしいです | すばらしいです | [sùbáráshíꜜìdèsù] |
Conjunctive | 素晴らしくて | すばらしくて すばらしくて |
[sùbáráꜜshìkùtè] [sùbáráshíꜜkùtè] |
Conditional | 素晴らしければ | すばらしければ すばらしければ |
[sùbáráꜜshìkèrèbà] [sùbáráshíꜜkèrèbà] |
Adjective
[edit]素晴らしい • (subarashii) -i (adverbial 素晴らしく (subarashiku))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 素晴らしい
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 素晴らしかろ | すばらしかろ | subarashikaro |
Continuative (連用形) | 素晴らしく | すばらしく | subarashiku |
Terminal (終止形) | 素晴らしい | すばらしい | subarashii |
Attributive (連体形) | 素晴らしい | すばらしい | subarashii |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 素晴らしけれ | すばらしけれ | subarashikere |
Imperative (命令形) | 素晴らしかれ | すばらしかれ | subarashikare |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 素晴らしくない | すばらしくない | subarashiku nai |
Informal past | 素晴らしかった | すばらしかった | subarashikatta |
Informal negative past | 素晴らしくなかった | すばらしくなかった | subarashiku nakatta |
Formal | 素晴らしいです | すばらしいです | subarashii desu |
Formal negative | 素晴らしくないです | すばらしくないです | subarashiku nai desu |
Formal past | 素晴らしかったです | すばらしかったです | subarashikatta desu |
Formal negative past | 素晴らしくなかったです | すばらしくなかったです | subarashiku nakatta desu |
Conjunctive | 素晴らしくて | すばらしくて | subarashikute |
Conditional | 素晴らしければ | すばらしければ | subarashikereba |
Provisional | 素晴らしかったら | すばらしかったら | subarashikattara |
Volitional | 素晴らしかろう | すばらしかろう | subarashikarō |
Adverbial | 素晴らしく | すばらしく | subarashiku |
Degree | 素晴らしさ | すばらしさ | subarashisa |
Synonyms
[edit]- (terrific, wonderful): 素晴らしき (subarashiki) (adnominal), 素敵 (suteki, “wonderful”), 凄い (sugoi, “amazing”)
- (extreme, terrible): 凄い (sugoi, “terrible”)
Descendants
[edit]- → Chinese: 斯巴拉西 (sībālāxī)
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with ateji
- Japanese terms spelled with 素 read as す
- Japanese terms spelled with 晴 read as は
- Japanese terms with rendaku
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms suffixed with しい
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses