Appendix:Maguindanao Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Maguindanao, compared with definitions in English.

Introduction

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For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

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No. English Maguindanao
Magindanaun
1 I aku
2 you (singular) sekali, eka
3 he, she, it siyaka
4 we inclusive: sekita exclusive: lekami
5 you (plural) sekanu
6 they selan
7 this ya
8 that intu
9 here inia
10 there lu
11 who entain
12 what ngain
13 where andaw
14 when kannu
15 how kanu
16 not dikena
17 all langun
18 many kadakel
19 some
20 few paidu
21 other
22 one isa
23 two dua
24 three telu
25 four pat
26 five lima
27 big
28 long
29 wide
30 thick
31 heavy
32 small
33 short
34 narrow
35 thin
36 woman babay
37 man (adult male) lalaki
38 man (human being) tau
39 child wata, bata
40 wife kalima
41 husband kalima
42 mother ina
43 father ama
44 animal binatang (Malay borrowing)
45 fish seda
46 bird papanuk
47 dog asu
48 louse
49 snake nipay
50 worm uled
51 tree kayu
52 forest kalasan
53 stick
54 fruit unga
55 seed uni
56 leaf raun
57 root dalid
58 bark (of a tree) upis
59 flower ulak
60 grass utan
61 rope tali
62 skin lanitan
63 meat sapu
64 blood rugu
65 bone tulan
66 fat (noun) sebud
67 egg leman
68 horn sidung
69 tail ikug
70 feather bumbul
71 hair buk
72 head ulu
73 ear tangila
74 eye mata
75 nose ngilung
76 mouth ngali
77 tooth ngipen
78 tongue (organ) dila
79 fingernail kanuku
80 foot ay
81 leg binti
82 knee alep
83 hand lima
84 wing papak
85 belly tian
86 guts tinay
87 neck lig
88 back ulian
89 breast susu
90 heart pusung
91 liver atay
92 to drink inum
93 to eat kan
94 to bite but
95 to suck susup
96 to spit
97 to vomit uta
98 to blow eyip
99 to breathe ginawa
100 to laugh tatawa
101 to see ilay
102 to hear kineg
103 to know sabut, kilala
104 to think itung
105 to smell
106 to fear
107 to sleep
108 to live
109 to die
110 to kill
111 to fight
112 to hunt
113 to hit
114 to cut
115 to split
116 to stab
117 to scratch
118 to dig
119 to swim
120 to fly
121 to walk
122 to come
123 to lie (as in a bed)
124 to sit
125 to stand
126 to turn (intransitive)
127 to fall
128 to give
129 to hold
130 to squeeze
131 to rub
132 to wash
133 to wipe
134 to pull
135 to push
136 to throw
137 to tie
138 to sew
139 to count
140 to say
141 to sing
142 to play
143 to float
144 to flow
145 to freeze
146 to swell
147 sun senang
148 moon ulan-ulan
149 star bituun
150 water ig
151 rain uran
152 river pulangi
153 lake ranaw
154 sea ragat, kalud
155 salt asin
156 stone watu
157 sand
158 dust
159 earth
160 cloud gabun
161 fog
162 sky
163 wind
164 snow
165 ice
166 smoke
167 fire apuy
168 ash aw
169 to burn
170 road lalan
171 mountain palaw
172 red maliga
173 green gadung
174 yellow binaning
175 white maputi
176 black maitem
177 night magabi
178 day gay
179 year ragun
180 warm
181 cold
182 full
183 new
184 old
185 good
186 bad
187 rotten
188 dirty
189 straight
190 round
191 sharp (as a knife)
192 dull (as a knife)
193 smooth
194 wet
195 dry
196 correct
197 near masupeg
198 far mawatan
199 right titu
200 left diwang
201 at
202 in
203 with
204 and
205 if
206 because
207 name ngalan
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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