élever
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See also: elever
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From é- + lever, or borrowed from Latin ēlevāre.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
élever
- to raise
- to bring up
- to elevate, to enhance
- (reflexive, of a voice) to be heard, to rise
- (reflexive) to rise, to soar
Conjugation[edit]
This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il élève and the third-person singular future indicative il élèvera.
Conjugation of élever (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | élever | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | élevant /el.vɑ̃/ or /ɛl.vɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | élevé /el.ve/ or /ɛl.ve/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | élève /e.lɛv/ |
élèves /e.lɛv/ |
élève /e.lɛv/ |
élevons /el.vɔ̃/ or /ɛl.vɔ̃/ |
élevez /el.ve/ or /ɛl.ve/ |
élèvent /e.lɛv/ |
| imperfect | élevais /el.vɛ/ or /ɛl.vɛ/ |
élevais /el.vɛ/ or /ɛl.vɛ/ |
élevait /el.vɛ/ or /ɛl.vɛ/ |
élevions /e.lə.vjɔ̃/ |
éleviez /e.lə.vje/ |
élevaient /el.vɛ/ or /ɛl.vɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | élevai /el.ve/ or /ɛl.ve/ |
élevas /el.va/ or /ɛl.va/ |
éleva /el.va/ or /ɛl.va/ |
élevâmes /el.vam/ or /ɛl.vam/ |
élevâtes /el.vat/ or /ɛl.vat/ |
élevèrent /el.vɛʁ/ or /ɛl.vɛʁ/ | |
| future | élèverai /e.lɛ.vʁe/ or /e.le.vʁe/ |
élèveras /e.lɛ.vʁa/ or /e.le.vʁa/ |
élèvera /e.lɛ.vʁa/ or /e.le.vʁa/ |
élèverons /e.lɛ.vʁɔ̃/ or /e.le.vʁɔ̃/ |
élèverez /e.lɛ.vʁe/ or /e.le.vʁe/ |
élèveront /e.lɛ.vʁɔ̃/ or /e.le.vʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | élèverais /e.lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /e.le.vʁɛ/ |
élèverais /e.lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /e.le.vʁɛ/ |
élèverait /e.lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /e.le.vʁɛ/ |
élèverions /e.lɛ.və.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.le.və.ʁjɔ̃/ |
élèveriez /e.lɛ.və.ʁje/ or /e.le.və.ʁje/ |
élèveraient /e.lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /e.le.vʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | élève /e.lɛv/ |
élèves /e.lɛv/ |
élève /e.lɛv/ |
élevions /e.lə.vjɔ̃/ |
éleviez /e.lə.vje/ |
élèvent /e.lɛv/ |
| imperfect2 | élevasse /el.vas/ or /ɛl.vas/ |
élevasses /el.vas/ or /ɛl.vas/ |
élevât /el.va/ or /ɛl.va/ |
élevassions /el.va.sjɔ̃/ or /ɛl.va.sjɔ̃/ |
élevassiez /el.va.sje/ or /ɛl.va.sje/ |
élevassent /el.vas/ or /ɛl.vas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | élève /e.lɛv/ |
— | élevons /el.vɔ̃/ or /ɛl.vɔ̃/ |
élevez /el.ve/ or /ɛl.ve/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “élever”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.