šaddaqdam

Akkadian

Etymology

From 𒈬 (šattum, “year”) +‎ 𒂵𒀜𒈬𒌝 (qadmum, “early, before”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃadˈdaq.dam/

Adverb

šaddaqdam (from Old Babylonian on)

1. last year

Alternative forms

• šaddaqda (non-mimated)
• šaddaqdim, šaddaqdi (Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Nuzi)
• šaddagad (Neo-Babylonian)
• šaddagdiš (Neo-Assyrian)

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic
𒈬𒅎𒈠 (MU.IM.MA)	𒊭𒀜𒁕𒀝𒁮 (ša-ad-da-aq-dam) 𒊭𒀜𒁕𒀝𒁕𒄠 (ša-ad-da-aq-da-am) 𒊭𒀜𒁕𒀝𒁲𒅎 (ša-ad-da-aq-di-im) 𒊭𒁕𒀝𒁲𒅎 (ša-da-aq-di-im) 𒊭𒁕𒀝𒁕 (ša-da-aq-da) 𒊭𒀜𒁕𒀝𒁲 (ša-ad-da-aq-di)

Descendants

• → Aramaic:

  Classical Syriac: ܐܫܬܩܕ, ܐܫܬܩܕܝ (ʾeštǝqaḏ[y])

  • → Mishnaic Hebrew: אֶשְׁתָּקַד (ʾɛštɔqaḏ)
    • Israeli Hebrew: אֶשְׁתָּקַד (eshtakád)

  Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܫܸܬܩܲܕ݇ܝ (šitqay)

References

• “šaddagda”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[1], Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
• Black, Jeremy; George, Andrew; Postgate, Nicholas (2000), “šaddaqda(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, via the electronic Babylonian Library