šalāmum

Akkadian

Root
š-l-m
3 terms

Etymology

Compare Arabic سَلِمَ (salima, “to be safe”) and Biblical Hebrew שָׁלֵם (šɔlém, “to be sound, complete”).

Pronunciation

• (Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈlaː.mum/

Noun

šalāmum m (from Old Assyrian/Old Babylonian on)

1. health, physical well-being
2. welfare (of country, city, etc.)
3. truth, correct behaviour

Verb

šalāmum (G, i, durative išallim, perfect ištalim, preterite išlim, imperative šilim, verbal adjective šalmum) (from Old Akkadian on)

1. to be(come) healthy, well, intact, in good condition, safe
   • Shu-ila to Marduk, Shu-ila to Nabu‎^[1], lines 9-11:

     𒀭𒀫𒌓 𒂗 𒃲𒌋 𒀭 𒆸𒉡𒌑
     𒀸 𒆠𒂍𒅗 𒆤𒋾 𒇻𒌒𒆪𒂁 𒇻𒍑𒅆𒈠
     𒇻𒍑𒌓𒈥 𒀭𒌓𒅗 𒂊𒈠𒌑𒍝𒈠𒊒 𒇻𒊌𒋗𒌓

     [Marduk, bēl rabû, ilu rēmēnû / ina qibītka kitti lubluṭ lušlimma / luštammar ilūtka ēma uṣammaru lukšud]

     ⸢^dAMAR⸣.UTU EN GAL^u DINGIR reme-nu-u₂ / [ina qi₂]-bit-ka kit-ti lu-ub!(KU)-luṭ lu-uš-lim-ma / [lu]-⸢uš⸣-tam-mar DINGIR⸢^ut⸣-ka e-ma u₂-ṣa-ma-ru lu-uk-šu-ud

     O Marduk, great lord, merciful god / let me live (and) be healthy [at] your true command / that I may praise your divinity! May I obtain whatever I wish for.

2. to receive full payment, obtain financial satisfaction

   𒋳𒈠 𒄿𒈾 𒀀𒊮 𒆷 𒄿𒊩𒅆 𒄿𒈾 𒋡𒋡𒅈 𒀀𒅆 𒄿𒊩𒅆

   [šumma ina eqlim lā išallim, ina qaqqar ālim išallim.]

   šum-ma i-na A.ŠA₃ la i-šal-lim i-na qa-qa-ar a-lim i-šal-lim

   If he is not satisfied with (a field of corresponding value) outside (of the city), he will be (with one) inside the city.

3. to succeed, prosper
4. to be(come) favorable
5. to complete

Conjugation

Conjugation
Infinitive		šalāmum
Participle		šālimum
Adjective		šalmum
Active		Durative	Perfect	Preterite	Imperative
1.sg		ašallim	aštalim	ašlim	lušlim
2.sg	m	tašallim	taštalim	tašlim	šilim
	f	tašallimī	taštalmī	tašlimī	šilmī
3.sg		išallim	ištalim	išlim	lišlim
1.pl		nišallim	ništalim	nišlim	i nišlim
2.pl		tašallimā	taštalmā	tašlimā	šilmā
3.pl	m	išallimū	ištalmū	išlimū	lišlimū
	f	išallimā	ištalmā	išlimā	lišlimā
This table gives Old Babylonian inflection. For conjugation in other dialects, see Appendix:Akkadian dialectal conjugation.

Alternative forms

• šalāmu (non-mimated)

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic
𒁲 (SILIM, DI) 𒄀 (GI) (Neo-Babylonian)	𒊭𒆷𒈬𒌝 (ša-la-mu-um) 𒃻𒆷𒈬 (ša₂-la-mu)

References

• “šalāmu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[2], volume 17, Š, part 1, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1989
• Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “šalāmu(m) II”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag