αἴτιος

See also: αίτιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From an unattested *αἶτος (*aîtos, “share”) + -ιος (-ios), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éy-ti-s, from *h₂ey- (“to give”). Cognates include αἰτέω (aitéō, “to ask”), Tocharian B ai- (“to give, take”), Oscan aetis (“part (of a possession)”), and perhaps Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (aēta) (though the latter is disputed by Beekes).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ǎi̯.ti.os/ → /ˈɛ.ti.os/ → /ˈe.ti.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ǎi̯.ti.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ti.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ti.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti.os/

Adjective

αἴτῐος • (aítios) m (feminine αἰτῐ́ᾱ, neuter αἴτῐον); first/second declension

1. causing, being the author of, responsible for
2. to blame, blameworthy, guilty, reprehensible, culpable

Inflection

First and second declension of αἴτῐος; αἰτῐ́ᾱ; αἴτῐον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		αἴτῐος aítios	αἰτῐ́ᾱ aitíā	αἴτῐον aítion		αἰτῐ́ω aitíō	αἰτῐ́ᾱ aitíā	αἰτῐ́ω aitíō		αἴτῐοι aítioi	αἴτῐαι aítiai	αἴτῐᾰ aítia
Genitive		αἰτῐ́ου aitíou	αἰτῐ́ᾱς aitíās	αἰτῐ́ου aitíou		αἰτῐ́οιν aitíoin	αἰτῐ́αιν aitíain	αἰτῐ́οιν aitíoin		αἰτῐ́ων aitíōn	αἰτῐ́ων aitíōn	αἰτῐ́ων aitíōn
Dative		αἰτῐ́ῳ aitíōi	αἰτῐ́ᾳ aitíāi	αἰτῐ́ῳ aitíōi		αἰτῐ́οιν aitíoin	αἰτῐ́αιν aitíain	αἰτῐ́οιν aitíoin		αἰτῐ́οις aitíois	αἰτῐ́αις aitíais	αἰτῐ́οις aitíois
Accusative		αἴτῐον aítion	αἰτῐ́ᾱν aitíān	αἴτῐον aítion		αἰτῐ́ω aitíō	αἰτῐ́ᾱ aitíā	αἰτῐ́ω aitíō		αἰτῐ́ους aitíous	αἰτῐ́ᾱς aitíās	αἴτῐᾰ aítia
Vocative		αἴτῐε aítie	αἰτῐ́ᾱ aitíā	αἴτῐον aítion		αἰτῐ́ω aitíō	αἰτῐ́ᾱ aitíā	αἰτῐ́ω aitíō		αἴτῐοι aítioi	αἴτῐαι aítiai	αἴτῐᾰ aítia
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		αἰτῐ́ως aitíōs				αἰτῐώτερος aitiṓteros				αἰτῐώτᾰτος aitiṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• αἰτῐ́ᾱ (aitíā)
• πᾰραίτῐος (paraítios)
• ὑπαίτῐος (hupaítios)

 

Related terms

• αἰτέω (aitéō)

Noun

αἴτῐος • (aítios) m (genitive αἰτίου); second declension

1. defendant, the accused, culprit

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ αἴτῐος; τοῦ αἰτῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ αἴτῐος ho aítios	τὼ αἰτῐ́ω tṑ aitíō	οἱ αἴτῐοι hoi aítioi
Genitive	τοῦ αἰτῐ́ου toû aitíou	τοῖν αἰτῐ́οιν toîn aitíoin	τῶν αἰτῐ́ων tôn aitíōn
Dative	τῷ αἰτῐ́ῳ tôi aitíōi	τοῖν αἰτῐ́οιν toîn aitíoin	τοῖς αἰτῐ́οις toîs aitíois
Accusative	τὸν αἴτῐον tòn aítion	τὼ αἰτῐ́ω tṑ aitíō	τοὺς αἰτῐ́ους toùs aitíous
Vocative	αἴτῐε aítie	αἰτῐ́ω aitíō	αἴτῐοι aítioi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “αἴτιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “αἴτιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “αἴτιος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• αἴτιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• αἴτιος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• αἴτιος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “αἴτιος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G159 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • accountable idem, page 7.
  • author idem, page 53.
  • cause idem, page 118.
  • culprit idem, page 188.
  • guilty idem, page 379.
  • inculpated idem, page 431.
  • instrumental idem, page 447.
  • perpetrator idem, page 607.
  • productive idem, page 645.
  • responsible idem, page 704.
• “αἴτιος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011