βακτηρία

See also: βακτήρια

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

βάκτρον (báktron)

Etymology

Uncertain. Beekes proposes a possible pre-form *Βακτήρ (*Baktḗr), which may relate to βάκτρον (báktron) in the same manner as ἀροτήρ (arotḗr) connects to ἄροτρον (árotron). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bak- (“rod, staff, club”), which appears to be a European substrate word. Cognates include Latin baculum and Old Irish bacc.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /bak.tɛː.rí.aː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /bak.te̝ˈri.a/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /βak.tiˈri.a/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /vak.tiˈri.a/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /vak.tiˈri.a/

Noun

βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾱ • (băktērĭ́ā) f (genitive βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾱς); first declension

rod, staff, cane
- Ὃς φείδεται τῆς βακτηρίας μισεῖ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, ὁ δὲ ἀγαπῶν ἐπιμελῶς παιδεύει.Septuagint, Proverbs 13:24
  Hòs pheídetai tês baktērías miseî tòn huiòn autoû, ho dè agapôn epimelôs paideúei.
  He that spares the rod hates his son: but he that loves, carefully chastens him.
baton

Inflection

First declension of ἡ βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾱ; τῆς βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾱ hē băktērĭ́ā	τὼ βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾱ tṑ băktērĭ́ā	αἱ βᾰκτηρῐ́αι hai băktērĭ́ai
Genitive	τῆς βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾱς tês băktērĭ́ās	τοῖν βᾰκτηρῐ́αιν toîn băktērĭ́ain	τῶν βᾰκτηρῐῶν tôn băktērĭôn
Dative	τῇ βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾳ tēî băktērĭ́āi	τοῖν βᾰκτηρῐ́αιν toîn băktērĭ́ain	ταῖς βᾰκτηρῐ́αις taîs băktērĭ́ais
Accusative	τὴν βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾱν tḕn băktērĭ́ān	τὼ βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾱ tṑ băktērĭ́ā	τᾱ̀ς βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾱς tā̀s băktērĭ́ās
Vocative	βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾱ băktērĭ́ā	βᾰκτηρῐ́ᾱ băktērĭ́ā	βᾰκτηρῐ́αι băktērĭ́ai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

βακτήριον (baktḗrion, diminutive)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “βακτηρία”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 194

“βακτηρία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“βακτηρία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
βακτηρία in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
βακτηρία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- cane idem, page 110.
- crook idem, page 185.
- crutch idem, page 187.
- rod idem, page 720.
- staff idem, page 808.
- stick idem, page 816.
- walking stick idem, page 960.
βακτηρία, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Frisk, Hjalmar (1960), “βακτηρία”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 47
Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980), “βακτηρία”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, page 159

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “βακτηρία”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 194

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