βότρυς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Considered , but also Semitic, relating to Hebrew בֹּסֶר (boṣer, “unripe grape”), Arabic بُسْر (busr, “unripe dates”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic בֻּסְרָא (busrā), בּוּסְרָא (busrā, “unripe grape”), Hebrew בֹּסֶר (boṣer, “unripe grape”), Classical Syriac ܒܣܪܐ (*busrā, “unripe grape”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /bó.trys/ → /ˈβo.trys/ → /ˈvo.tris/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /bó.trys/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈbo.trys/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈβo.trys/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈvo.trys/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈvo.tris/

Noun

βότρῠς • (bótrus) m (genitive βότρῠος); third declension

1. bunch of grapes, grapes
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.562
   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Regimen 2.55
   • 331 CE – 363 CE, Julian, Orations 7.225b
   • Palatine Anthology 5.286
   • 350 CE – 450 CE, Nonnus, Dionysiaca 1.528
   1. (figurative) clustered earring
      • 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, Fragments 320.10
2. (herb) ambrosia ()
   • 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 3.114
   1. Jerusalem oak ( [syn. ])
      • 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 115
3. the Pleiades
   • Sch.Il. 18.486

Declension

Third declension of ὁ βότρῠς; τοῦ βότρῠος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ βότρῠς ho bótrus	τὼ βότρῠε tṑ bótrue	οἱ βότρῠες hoi bótrues
Genitive	τοῦ βότρῠος toû bótruos	τοῖν βοτρῠ́οιν toîn botrúoin	τῶν βοτρῠ́ων tôn botrúōn
Dative	τῷ βότρῠῐ̈ / βότρυι tôi bótruï / bótrui	τοῖν βοτρῠ́οιν toîn botrúoin	τοῖς βότρῠσῐ / βότρῠσῐν toîs bótrusi(n)
Accusative	τὸν βότρῠν tòn bótrun	τὼ βότρῠε tṑ bótrue	τοὺς βότρῡς / βότρῠᾰς toùs bótrūs / bótruas
Vocative	βότρῠ bótru	βότρῠε bótrue	βότρῠες bótrues
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

βότρῠς also appears with a heteroclitic neuter plural in Euphorion 149, probably from the related βότρῠον (bótruon):

Second declension of τᾰ̀ βότρῠᾰ; τῶν βοτρῠ́ων (Attic)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	τᾰ̀ βότρῠᾰ tà bótrua
Genitive	τῶν βοτρῠ́ων tôn botrúōn
Dative	τοῖς βοτρῠ́οις toîs botrúois
Accusative	τᾰ̀ βότρῠᾰ tà bótrua
Vocative	βότρῠᾰ bótrua
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

• (ambrosia, Ambrosia maritima): ἀμβροσῐ́ᾱ (ambrosíā), ἀρτεμισῐ́ᾱ (artemisíā)

Derived terms

• ἀγλαόβοτρῠς (aglaóbotrus)
• βοτρεύς (botreús)
• βοτρῠηρός (botruērós)
• βοτρῠηφόρος (botruēphóros)
• βοτρῠ́ϊος (botrúïos)
• βοτρῠΐτης (botruḯtēs)
• βοτρῠῖτῐς (botruîtis)
• βοτρῠμός (botrumós)
• βοτρῠόδωρος (botruódōros)
• βοτρῠοειδής (botruoeidḗs)
• βοτρῠόεις (botruóeis)
• βοτρῠόκοσμος (botruókosmos)
• βότρῠον (bótruon)
• βοτρῠόομαι (botruóomai)
• βοτρῠόπαις (botruópais)
• βοτρῠοστέφᾰνος (botruostéphanos)
• βοτρῠοστᾰγής (botruostagḗs)
• βοτρῠοφορέω (botruophoréō)
• βοτρῠοχαίτης (botruokhaítēs)
• βότρῠχος (bótrukhos)
• βοτρῠχώδης (botrukhṓdēs)
• βοτρῠώδης (botruṓdēs)
• βοτρῡδόν (botrūdón)
• βοτρῡ́δῐον (botrū́dion)
• εὔβοτρῠς (eúbotrus)
• καλλίβοτρῠς (kallíbotrus)
• μικρόβοτρῠς (mikróbotrus)
• ποικιλόβοτρῠς (poikilóbotrus)
• πολύβοτρῠς (polúbotrus)
• φερέβοτρῠς (pherébotrus)
• φιλόβοτρῠς (philóbotrus)

 

Descendants

• Tsakonian: βότσχε (vótsche)
• Latin: botrys, bō̆trys, bō̆trus, bō̆truōsus, bō̆trōnātus
  • → English: botriform, botrycymose, botrylle, botryogen, botryoid, stachybotryotoxicosis, botrytis

Further reading

• “βότρυς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “βότρυς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “βότρυς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• βότρυς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• βότρυς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• βότρυς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G1009 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• βότρυς in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • cluster idem, page 140.
  • grape idem, page 369.
  • vine idem, page 953.