κίβδηλος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• κίβδᾱλος (kíbdālos)

Etymology

Metathesized from the Semitic root כ־ד־ב (k-ḏ-b) / ك ذ ب (k-ḏ-b) (Hebrew כ־ז־ב (k-z-b)) related to lies, since Semites are ill-famed as liars. Namely it is the verbal noun Aramaic כִידְבׇּא (kiḏbā), Arabic كِذْب (kiḏb), كِذْبَة (kiḏba) with Hittite adjective formant -alla-. Another derivation of the Semitic root is attested in another borrowing as κίδαφος (kídaphos, “shrewd”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kíb.dɛː.los/ → /ˈciβ.ði.los/ → /ˈciv.ði.los/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kíb.dɛː.los/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkib.de̝.los/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈciβ.ði.los/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈciv.ði.los/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈciv.ði.los/

Adjective

κίβδηλος • (kíbdēlos) m or f (neuter κίβδηλον); second declension

1. base, fake, counterfeit (especially of coins)
2. deceitful, dishonest, fraudulent

Declension

Second declension of κίβδηλος; κίβδηλον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		κίβδηλος kíbdēlos	κίβδηλον kíbdēlon		κιβδήλω kibdḗlō	κιβδήλω kibdḗlō		κίβδηλοι kíbdēloi	κίβδηλᾰ kíbdēla
Genitive		κιβδήλου kibdḗlou	κιβδήλου kibdḗlou		κιβδήλοιν kibdḗloin	κιβδήλοιν kibdḗloin		κιβδήλων kibdḗlōn	κιβδήλων kibdḗlōn
Dative		κιβδήλῳ kibdḗlōi	κιβδήλῳ kibdḗlōi		κιβδήλοιν kibdḗloin	κιβδήλοιν kibdḗloin		κιβδήλοις kibdḗlois	κιβδήλοις kibdḗlois
Accusative		κίβδηλον kíbdēlon	κίβδηλον kíbdēlon		κιβδήλω kibdḗlō	κιβδήλω kibdḗlō		κιβδήλους kibdḗlous	κίβδηλᾰ kíbdēla
Vocative		κίβδηλε kíbdēle	κίβδηλον kíbdēlon		κιβδήλω kibdḗlō	κιβδήλω kibdḗlō		κίβδηλοι kíbdēloi	κίβδηλᾰ kíbdēla
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		κιβδήλως kibdḗlōs			κιβδηλότερος kibdēlóteros			κιβδηλότᾰτος kibdēlótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀκίβδηλος (akíbdēlos)
• κιβδηλεύω (kibdēleúō)
• κιβδηλία (kibdēlía)
• κιβδηλιάω (kibdēliáō)

 

Related terms

• κίβδης (kíbdēs)
• κίβδος (kíbdos)
• κίδαφος (kídaphos)

 

Descendants

• → Latin: cibdēlus

References

• “κίβδηλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κίβδηλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κίβδηλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Szemerényi, Oswald (1974) “The origins of the Greek lexicon: Ex Oriente Lux”, in The Journal of Hellenic Studies‎^[1], volume 94, →DOI, pages 155–156

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Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek κίβδηλος (kíbdēlos).

Adjective

κίβδηλος • (kívdilos) m (feminine κίβδηλη, neuter κίβδηλο)

1. false, fake, counterfeit

Declension

Declension of κίβδηλος

number  case \ gender	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	κίβδηλος •	κίβδηλη •	κίβδηλο •	κίβδηλοι •	κίβδηλες •	κίβδηλα •
genitive	κίβδηλου •	κίβδηλης •	κίβδηλου •	κίβδηλων •	κίβδηλων •	κίβδηλων •
accusative	κίβδηλο •	κίβδηλη •	κίβδηλο •	κίβδηλους •	κίβδηλες •	κίβδηλα •
vocative	κίβδηλε •	κίβδηλη •	κίβδηλο •	κίβδηλοι •	κίβδηλες •	κίβδηλα •