كذب

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See also: كدت

Arabic

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Etymology

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From the root ك ذ ب (k-ḏ-b). Cognate with Hebrew כזב (kazáv).

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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كَذَبَ (kaḏaba) I (non-past يَكْذِبُ (yakḏibu), verbal noun كَذِب (kaḏib) or كِذْب (kiḏb) or كِذْبَة (kiḏba))

  1. (intransitive) to lie, to not tell the truth
    Synonym: (poetic) مَانَ (māna)
    1. (monotransitive or ditransitive) to lie to (someone)
      كَذَبَنِي الْحَدِيثَ
      kaḏabanī l-ḥadīṯa
      He lied to me in his speech.
      • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, إِن يكن صبر ذي الرزية فضلا:
        وَكَمِ ٱنْتَشْتَ بِٱلسُّيُوفِ مِنَ الدَّهْـ / ـرِ أَسِيرًا وَبِٱلنَّوَالِ مُقِلَّا
        عَدَّهَا نُصْرَةً عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا / صَالَ خَتْلًا رَآهُ أَدْرَكَ تَبْلَا
        كَذَبَتْهُ ظُنُونُهُ أَنْتَ تُبْلِيـ / ـهِ وَتَبْقَى فِي نِعْمَةٍ لَيْسَ تَبَلَّى
        wakami ntašta bi-s-suyūfi mina d-dah- / -ri ʔasīran wabi-n-nawāli muqillā
        ʕaddahā nuṣratan ʕalayhi falammā / ṣāla ḵatlan raʔāhu ʔadraka tablā
        kaḏabathu ẓunūnuhu ʔanta tublī- / -hi watabqā fī niʕmatin laysa taballā
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    2. to lie about (عَلَى (ʕalā))
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 39:32:
        فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّن كَذَبَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ وَكَذَّبَ بِٱلصِّدْقِ إِذْ جَاءَهُ
        faman ʔaẓlamu mimman kaḏaba ʕalā l-lahi wakaḏḏaba bi-ṣ-ṣidqi ʔiḏ jāʔahu
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. to deceive

Conjugation

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Antonyms

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Verb

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كَذَّبَ (kaḏḏaba) II (non-past يُكَذِّبُ (yukaḏḏibu), verbal noun تَكْذِيب (takḏīb) or كِذَّاب (kiḏḏāb))

  1. to allege of lying, to disbelieve someone [with accusative ‘whom’]
    Antonym: صَدَّقَ (ṣaddaqa)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 28:34:
      وَأَخِي هَارُونُ هُوَ أَفْصَحُ مِنِّي لِسَانًا فَأَرْسِلْهُ مَعِيَ رِدْءًا يُصَدِّقُنِيۖ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَن يُكَذِّبُونِ
      waʔaḵī hārūnu huwa ʔafṣaḥu minnī lisānan faʔarsilhu maʕiya ridʔan yuṣaddiqunī ʔinnī ʔaḵāfu ʔan yukaḏḏibūni
      My brother Aaron is more eloquent than me in speech. Therefor send him with me as a helper to confirm me. Lo! I fear that they will give the lie to me.
  2. to accuse or tell that something is false or deceitful, to disbelieve [with accusative ‘something’]
    Antonym: صَدَّقَ (ṣaddaqa)
    كَذَّبَ الْخَبَرَ
    kaḏḏaba l-ḵabara
    He didn't believe the news.
  3. to disbelieve in [with بِ (bi) ‘in’]
    Antonym: صَدَّقَ بِـ (ṣaddaqa bi-)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 78:28:
      وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا كِذَّابًا
      wakaḏḏabū biʔāyātinā kiḏḏāban
      They called Our revelations false with strong denial.
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 92:4-10:
      إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّى
      فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَٱتَّقَى
      وَصَدَّقَ بِٱلْحُسْنَى
      فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى
      وَأَمَّا مَن بَخِلَ وَٱسْتَغْنَى
      وَكَذَّبَ بِٱلْحُسْنَى
      فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَى
      ʔinna saʕyakum lašattā
      fa-ʔammā man ʔaʕṭā wa-ttaqā
      wa-ṣaddaqa bi-l-ḥusnā
      fa-sanuyassiruhu li-l-yusrā
      wa-ʔammā man baḵila wa-staḡnā
      wa-kaḏḏaba bi-l-ḥusnā
      fa-sanuyassiruhu li-l-ʕusrā
      Lo! your effort is dispersed (toward divers ends).
      As for him who giveth and is dutiful (toward Allah)
      And believeth in goodness;
      Surely We will ease his way unto the state of ease.
      But as for him who hoardeth and deemeth himself independent,
      And disbelieveth in goodness;
      Surely We will ease his way unto adversity.
      Translation by Marmaduke Pickthall
  4. (rare) to make (someone) disbelieve (in)
  5. to disprove, to refute
  6. to be inactive, to be deactivated
  7. to abstain, to desist

Conjugation

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References

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Noun

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كَذِب or كِذْب (kaḏib or kiḏbm (usually uncountable)

  1. verbal noun of كَذَبَ (kaḏaba) (form I)
  2. lying
  3. lie, falsehood, untruth

Declension

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References

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  • Haywood, J.A., Nahmad, H.M. (1965) “كذب”, in A new Arabic grammar, 2nd edition, London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “كذب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen

Adjective

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كَذِب or كِذْب (kaḏib or kiḏb)

  1. false
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:18:
      وَجَاءُوا عَلَىٰ قَمِيصِهِ بِدَمٍ كَذِبٍ
      wajāʔū ʕalā qamīṣihi bidamin kaḏibin
      And they brought his shirt and stained it with false blood.

Declension

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Hijazi Arabic

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Root
ك ذ ب
2 terms

Etymology 1

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From Arabic كَذَبَ (kaḏaba).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ki.zib/, /ki.dib/, /ki.ðib/

Verb

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كذب (kizib, kidib, kiḏib) I (non-past يِكْذِب (yikzib, yikdib, yikḏib))

  1. (intransitive) to lie, to not tell the truth
  2. to lie to (someone)
    Antonym: صَدَق (ṣadag)
    ما اكذب عليك.
    akḏib ʕalēk.
    I won't lie to you.
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of كذب (kidib)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m كدبت (kidibt) كدبت (kidibt) كدب (kidib) كدبنا (kidibna) كدبتوا (kidibtu) كدبوا (kidbu)
f كدبتي (kidibti) كدبت (kidbat)
non-past m أكدب (ʔakdib) تكدب (tikdib) يكدب (yikdib) نكدب (nikdib) تكدبوا (tikdibu) يكدبوا (yikdibu)
f تكدبي (tikdibi) تكدب (tikdib)
imperative m اكدب (akdib) اكدبوا (akdibu)
f اكدبي (akdibi)

Etymology 2

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From Arabic كَذَّبَ (kaḏḏaba).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kaz.zab/, /kad.dab/, /kað.ðab/

Verb

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كذب (kazzab, kaddab, kaḏḏab) II (non-past يِكَذِّب (yikazzib, yikaddib, yikaḏḏib))

  1. to allege of lying, to disbelieve someone
  2. to accuse or tell that something is false or deceitful, to disbelieve
  3. to disbelieve, to deny
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of كذب (kaddab)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m كدبت (kaddabt) كدبت (kaddabt) كدب (kaddab) كدبنا (kaddabna) كدبتوا (kaddabtu) كدبوا (kaddabu)
f كدبتي (kaddabti) كدبت (kaddabat)
non-past m أكدب (ʔakaddib) تكدب (tikaddib) يكدب (yikaddib) نكدب (nikaddib) تكدبوا (tikaddibu) يكدبوا (yikaddibu)
f تكدبي (tikaddibi) تكدب (tikaddib)
imperative m كدب (kaddib) كدبوا (kaddibu)
f كدبي (kaddibi)

Etymology 3

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From Arabic كِذْب (kiḏb).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kidib/, /kizib/, /kiðib/

Noun

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كِذِب (kidib, kizib, kiḏibm pl

  1. lie, falsehood, untruth, fraud, deceit
    Synonyms: بَكْشْ (bakš), فَقْش (fagš)

South Levantine Arabic

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Root
ك ذ ب
1 term

Etymology 1

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Learned borrowing from Arabic كَذَبَ (kaḏaba).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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كذب (kizib) I (present بكذب (bikzab))

  1. to lie
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of كذب (kizib)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m كذبت (kzibt) كذبت (kzibt) كذب (kizib) كذبنا (kzibna) كذبتو (kzibtu) كذبو (kizbu)
f كذبتي (kzibti) كذبت (kizbat)
present m بكذب (bakzab) بتكذب (btikzab) بكذب (bikzab) منكذب (mnikzab) بتكذبو (btikzabu) بكذبو (bikzabu)
f بتكذبي (btikzabi) بتكذب (btikzab)
subjunctive m أكذب (ʔakzab) تكذب (tikzab) يكذب (yikzab) نكذب (nikzab) تكذبو (tikzabu) يكذبو (yikzabu)
f تكذبي (tikzabi) تكذب (tikzab)
imperative m اكذب (ikzab) اكذبو (ikzabu)
f اكذبي (ikzabi)

Etymology 2

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Learned borrowing from Arabic كَذَّبَ (kaḏḏaba).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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كذّب (kazzab) II (present بكذّب (bikazzeb))

  1. to lie
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of كذّب (kazzab)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m كذّبت (kazzabt) كذّبت (kazzabt) كذّب (kazzab) كذّبنا (kazzabna) كذّبتو (kazzabtu) كذّبو (kazzabu)
f كذّبتي (kazzabti) كذّبت (kazzabat)
present m بكذّب (bakazzeb) بتكذّب (bitkazzeb) بكذّب (bikazzeb) منكذّب (minkazzeb) بتكذّبو (bitkazzbu) بكذّبو (bikazzbu)
f بتكذّبي (bitkazzbi) بتكذّب (bitkazzeb)
subjunctive m اكذّب (akazzeb) تكذّب (tkazzeb) يكذّب (ykazzeb) نكذّب (nkazzeb) تكذّبو (tkazzbu) يكذّبو (ykazzbu)
f تكذّبي (tkazzbi) تكذّب (tkazzeb)
imperative m كذّب (kazzeb) كذّبو (kazzbu)
f كذّبي (kazzbi)