μαρασμός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die, disappear”) and Ancient Greek -μός (-mós, action noun suffix), related to μᾰραίνω (maraínō, “to quench; to waste, wither”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ma.raz.mós/ → /ma.razˈmos/ → /ma.razˈmos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ma.raz.mós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ma.razˈmos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ma.razˈmos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ma.razˈmos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ma.razˈmos/

Noun

μᾰρᾰσμός • (marasmós) m (genitive μᾰρᾰσμοῦ); second declension

1. Synonym of μᾰ́ρᾰνσῐς (máransis): withering, wasting away, especially from senescent decay
   • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 1.42
   • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 7.666–667:

     Μαρασμός ἐστι φθορὰ ζῶντος σώματος ἐπὶ ξηρότητι. […] οὕτω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ μαρασμὸς ὁ μὲν παρὰ τὸ μεμαράνθαι λέγοιτ' ἂν, ὁ δὲ παρὰ τὸ μαραίνεσθαι, περὶ οὗ νῦν ὁ λόγος ἐστίν. ἐπεὶ δὲ ζῶντος σώματος ἔφαμεν εἶναι φθορὰν τὸν μαρασμὸν, ἔστι δὲ τρία γένη τῶν ζώντων, ζῶα, φυτὰ καὶ σπέρματα, καὶ διὰ ταῦτα καὶ οἱ καρποὶ, τούτων ἂν εἶναι πάθος τὸν μαρασμὸν ἑρμηνεύοντες κυρίως, ἐκ μεταφορᾶς δὲ ἤδη καὶ τὰς ἀλλὰς φθορὰς, ὅσαι γίνονται διὰ ξηρότητος, μαρασμὸν ὀνομάζουσιν.

     Marasmós esti phthorà zôntos sṓmatos epì xērótēti. […] hoútō dè kaì autòs ho marasmòs ho mèn parà tò memaránthai légoit' àn, ho dè parà tò maraínesthai, perì hoû nûn ho lógos estín. epeì dè zôntos sṓmatos éphamen eînai phthoràn tòn marasmòn, ésti dè tría génē tôn zṓntōn, zôa, phutà kaì spérmata, kaì dià taûta kaì hoi karpoì, toútōn àn eînai páthos tòn marasmòn hermēneúontes kuríōs, ek metaphorâs dè ḗdē kaì tàs allàs phthoràs, hósai gínontai dià xērótētos, marasmòn onomázousin.

   • 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 2.166:

     τῆς ἀνθήσεως

     tês anthḗseōs

   • 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 3.86

Declension

Second declension of ὁ μᾰρᾰσμός; τοῦ μᾰρᾰσμοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ μᾰρᾰσμός ho marasmós	τὼ μᾰρᾰσμώ tṑ marasmṓ	οἱ μᾰρᾰσμοί hoi marasmoí
Genitive	τοῦ μᾰρᾰσμοῦ toû marasmoû	τοῖν μᾰρᾰσμοῖν toîn marasmoîn	τῶν μᾰρᾰσμῶν tôn marasmôn
Dative	τῷ μᾰρᾰσμῷ tôi marasmôi	τοῖν μᾰρᾰσμοῖν toîn marasmoîn	τοῖς μᾰρᾰσμοῖς toîs marasmoîs
Accusative	τὸν μᾰρᾰσμόν tòn marasmón	τὼ μᾰρᾰσμώ tṑ marasmṓ	τοὺς μᾰρᾰσμούς toùs marasmoús
Vocative	μᾰρᾰσμέ marasmé	μᾰρᾰσμώ marasmṓ	μᾰρᾰσμοί marasmoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• μᾰρᾰσμώδης (marasmṓdēs, adjective)

Descendants

• → Late Latin: marasmus
  • → English: marasmus

References

• “μᾰρασμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• μαρασμός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Pape, Wilhelm, Benseler, Gustav Eduard (1884) “μαρασμός”, in Wörterbuch der griechischen Eigennamen (in German), 3rd edition, Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn