Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mer-
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Root
[edit]*mer- (perfective)[1][2][3][4]
Reconstruction notes
[edit]According to Kloekhorst, the original meaning of the word was likely "to disappear," which is preserved in Hittite. The meaning "to die" perhaps emerged originally as a euphemism, but then later replaced the original meaning. For a comparison of a similar semantic development, Kloekhorst cites English pass away. If this theory is accepted, then—according to Kloekhorst—the more 'original' PIE word for "to die" may still be preserved in Hittite 𒀀𒆠 (a-ki, “to die”).[5][6]
Derived terms
[edit]- *mér-t ~ *m̥r-ént (root aorist)[5]
- *mr̥-yé-tor (ye-present)[7][8]
- *mer-s- (sigmatic aorist)[9]
- *mor-éye-ti (“to kill”, causative)
- *me-mór-e ~ *me-mr-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
- *mér-ti-s ~ *mr̥-téy-s (“death”)[8][10][11]
- *mór-o-[12][13]
- *mr̥-tós (“dead”)
- *mr̥-tu-ós or *mr̥-t-wós (“dead”)[8]
- *mŕ̥-trom (instrumental)
- Proto-Germanic: *murþrą (see there for further descendants)
- *mr̥-wós (“dead”)[14]
- Proto-Celtic: *marwos (see there for further descendants)
- *mór-to-s (“mortal, man”)[15]
Compounds:
- *m(o)r-bʰ(h₂)-o- (“looking like death?”)[16]
- Proto-Italic: *morfos
- Latin: morbus (“disease”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *morfos
- Unsorted formations
- Proto-Albanian: *merusa
- Albanian: mërshë (“rotting corpse”)
- Proto-Iranian:
Descendants
[edit]Root
[edit]*mer-
Derived terms
[edit]- *mór-i (“sea,wetland”)
References
[edit]- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “mer-, merə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 735
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*mer-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 439-440
- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*mer-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon][1] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 488-491
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*mer-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 150
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “mer-zi / mar-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 667-668
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “āk-i / akk-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 167-168
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “morior, morī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 389-390
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 463
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sъmьrtь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 480-481
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “mirtis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 321
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*morь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 326
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “maras”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*marwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 259
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μορτός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 969
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “morbus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389