Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mer-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

*mer- (perfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]

to die
to disappear

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mer- (die)

*mér-t ~ *m̥r-ént (root aorist)^[4]
*mér-ti ~ *mr-énti (root present)^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒈨𒅕𒍣 (me-er-zi /merzi/, 3sg.pres.act.) ("to disappear, vanish")^[7]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *márti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *márati
    - Sanskrit: मरति (márati), मरते (márate) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian: *márti
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬭-‎ (mar-)
    - Gurani: مەردەی‎ (marday)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (mär-)
    - Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: mirin
      
      Central Kurdish: مردن‎ (mirdin)
      
      Southern Kurdish: مردن‎ (mirdin)
      
      Laki: مردن‎ (mirdin)
    - Old Persian: [Term?] (/mar-/)
      - Middle Persian: [script needed] (myr /mīr-/)
        Persian: مردن‎ (mordan)
        Tajik: мурдан (murdan)
    - Parthian: [Term?] (/myr/)
    - Zazaki: merden
*mr̥-yé-tor (ye-present)^[8]^[9]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mertéi (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mriyátay (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *morjōr (see there for further descendants)
*mer-s- (sigmatic aorist)^[10]
- Old Armenian: մեռանիմ (meṙanim)
  - Armenian: մեռնել (meṙnel)
*mor-éye-ti (“to kill”, causative)
*mér-ti-s ~ *mr̥-téy-s (“death”)^[9]^[11]^[12]
*mór-o-^[13]^[14]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *marás
  - Lithuanian: mãras
  - Proto-Slavic: *morъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *marǭ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mā́ras
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mā́ras
    - Sanskrit: मार (mā́ra)
*mr̥-tós (“dead”)
*mr̥-t-wós (“dead”)^[9]
*mr̥-tu- ~ *mr̥-ti-u- ~ *mr̥tro-
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mr̥tyúš (see there for further descendants)
*mŕ̥-trom (instrumental)
- Proto-Germanic: *murþrą (see there for further descendants)
*mr̥-wós (“dead”)^[15]
- Proto-Celtic: *marwos (see there for further descendants)

Descendants[edit]

Sanskrit: मृ (mṛ)

Root[edit]

*mer-

sea, lake, wetland

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mer- (sea)

*mór-i (“sea,wetland”)
*mreg-

References[edit]

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “mer-, merə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 735
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*mer-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 439-440
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*mer-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 488-491
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “mer-^zi / mar-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 667-668
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “*merti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 308
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “mirti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 321
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “mer-^zi / mar-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 577-578
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “morior, morī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 389-390
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 463
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sъmьrtь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 480-481
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “mirtis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 321
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*morь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 326
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “maras”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*marwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 259

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “mer-, merə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 735

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*mer-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 439-440

[3] Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*mer-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 488-491

[4] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “mer-^zi / mar-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 667-668

[5] Derksen, Rick (2015), “*merti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 308

[6] Derksen, Rick (2015), “mirti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 321

[7] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “mer-^zi / mar-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 577-578

[8] Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[DV-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “morior, morī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 389-390

[10] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 463

[11] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sъmьrtь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 480-481

[12] Derksen, Rick (2015), “mirtis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 321

[13] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*morь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 326

[14] Derksen, Rick (2015), “maras”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305

[15] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*marwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 259

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mer-

Contents

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Root[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

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