Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mr̥tós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *mer- (“to die”) +‎ *-tós (deverbal adjectival suffix).

Adjective

*mr̥tós (non-ablauting)

1. dead
2. mortal

Declension

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*mr̥tós	*mr̥téh₂
genitive	*mr̥tósyo	*mr̥téh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mr̥tós	*mr̥tóh₁	*mr̥tóes
vocative	*mr̥té	*mr̥tóh₁	*mr̥tóes
accusative	*mr̥tóm	*mr̥tóh₁	*mr̥tóms
genitive	*mr̥tósyo	*?	*mr̥tóHom
ablative	*mr̥téad	*?	*mr̥tómos, *mr̥tóbʰos
dative	*mr̥tóey	*?	*mr̥tómos, *mr̥tóbʰos
locative	*mr̥téy, *mr̥tóy	*?	*mr̥tóysu
instrumental	*mr̥tóh₁	*?	*mr̥tṓys
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mr̥téh₂	*mr̥téh₂h₁(e)	*mr̥téh₂es
vocative	*mr̥téh₂	*mr̥téh₂h₁(e)	*mr̥téh₂es
accusative	*mr̥tā́m	*mr̥téh₂h₁(e)	*mr̥téh₂m̥s
genitive	*mr̥téh₂s	*?	*mr̥téh₂oHom
ablative	*mr̥téh₂s	*?	*mr̥téh₂mos, *mr̥téh₂bʰos
dative	*mr̥téh₂ey	*?	*mr̥téh₂mos, *mr̥téh₂bʰos
locative	*mr̥téh₂, *mr̥téh₂i	*?	*mr̥téh₂su
instrumental	*mr̥téh₂h₁	*?	*mr̥téh₂mis, *mr̥téh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mr̥tóm	*mr̥tóy(h₁)	*mr̥téh₂
vocative	*mr̥tóm	*mr̥tóy(h₁)	*mr̥téh₂
accusative	*mr̥tóm	*mr̥tóy(h₁)	*mr̥téh₂
genitive	*mr̥tósyo	*?	*mr̥tóHom
ablative	*mr̥téad	*?	*mr̥tómos, *mr̥tóbʰos
dative	*mr̥tóey	*?	*mr̥tómos, *mr̥tóbʰos
locative	*mr̥téy, *mr̥tóy	*?	*mr̥tóysu
instrumental	*mr̥tóh₁	*?	*mr̥tṓys

Synonyms

• *dʰgʷʰitós
• *néḱus

Antonyms

• *gʷih₃wós (“living”)
• *n̥mr̥tós (“immortal”); *ń̥dʰgʷʰitos (“imperishable, everlasting”)

Derived terms

• *n̥mr̥tós

Descendants

• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: մարդ (mard, “man, mortal”)
    • Armenian: մարդ (mard, “man, person”)
• Proto-Hellenic: *mrətós
  • Ancient Greek: βροτός (brotós, “mortal”)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mr̥tás (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *murþą (see there for further descendants)