οὐ
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- οὐκ (ouk) — before vowel with smooth breathing
- οὐχ (oukh) — before vowel with rough breathing
- οὔ (oú) — pausal form
- οὐχί (oukhí) — Epic, Attic
- οὐκί (oukí) — Epic, Ionic
Etymology
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Possibly οὐκί (oukí, “not so, never”), from Proto-Hellenic *oyuki, from Proto-Indo-European *(ne) h₂óyu kʷid (“(not) ever, (not) on your life”).[1] Compare Sanskrit उद् (ud), Gothic 𐌿𐌳 (ud), Old Armenian ոչ (očʻ).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /uː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /u/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /u/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /u/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /u/
Particle
οὐ • (ou) (negative particle)
- not (indicates negation)
Usage notes
οὐ is the indicative negator (i.e. of facts, statements), where μή (mḗ) is the subjunctive negator (i.e. of will, thought). It usually immediately precedes the word (most often a verb) which it negates. Negative concord (also known as double negatives) is frequent in Ancient Greek.
References
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “očʿ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 531
- “οὐ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “οὐ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “οὐ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- οὐ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- οὐ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “οὐ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3756 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 1-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek particles
- Ancient Greek unaccented terms
- Ancient Greek negative particles