Jump to content

οὗ

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ου, -ου, -ού, οὐ, οὔ, οὖ, Ȣ, ᴕ, Appendix:Variations of "ou", and Appendix:Variations of "oy"

Ancient Greek

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
 

Etymology 1

[edit]
PIE word
*swé

From Proto-Hellenic *hwe (= *ϝ̔έ (*whé), representing the accusative case), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

οὗ • (hoû)

  1. "of him/her/it", "than him/her/it", etc.
    • c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.165:
      ... ἐπεί ἑό (var. εὑ) φημι βίῃ πολὺ φέρτερος εἶναι
      καὶ γενεῇ πρότερος
      ... epeí heó (var. heu) phēmi bíēi polù phérteros eînai
      kaì geneēî próteros
      For I avow to be far better than him in might,
      and the elder in birth.
  2. [with ᾰ̓φ’ (ăph’) or ἐξ (ex)] that time (translated as "since")
    • 125 CE – 180 CE, Lucian, Zeus Rants 32:
      […] ἄλλως τε ζῶντι μέν σοι δυνατὸν ἴσως ἦν τι πρᾶξαι τοιοῦτον, ἀφ’ οὗ δὲ θεὸς γεγένησαι, μεμάθηκας, οἶμαι, ὡς αἱ Μοῖραι μόναι τὰ τοιαῦτα δύνανται, ἡμεῖς δὲ αὐτῶν ἄμοιροί ἐσμεν.
      […] állōs te zônti mén soi dunatòn ísōs ên ti prâxai toioûton, aph’ hoû dè theòs gegénēsai, memáthēkas, oîmai, hōs hai Moîrai mónai tà toiaûta dúnantai, hēmeîs dè autôn ámoiroí esmen.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.539–541:
      ἐξ οὗ δορπέομέν τε καὶ ὤρορε θεῖος ἀοιδός,
      ἐκ τοῦδ’ οὔ πω παύσατ’ ὀϊζυροῖο γόοιο
      ὁ ξεῖνος· […]
      ex hoû dorpéomén te kaì ṓrore theîos aoidós,
      ek toûd’ oú pō paúsat’ oïzuroîo góoio
      ho xeînos; […]
      • Translation by Samuel Butler
        From the moment that we had done supper and Demodocus began to sing, our guest has been all the time groaning and lamenting.
    • 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 2.908–910:
      ᾧ ἐν ἀμειδήτους ἁγίας ηὐλίζετο νύκτας,
      ἐξ οὗ Καλλίχορον ποταμὸν περιναιετάοντες
      ἠδὲ καὶ Αὐλίον ἄντρον ἐπωνυμίην καλέουσιν.
      hōî en ameidḗtous hagías ēulízeto núktas,
      ex hoû Kallíkhoron potamòn perinaietáontes
      ēdè kaì Aulíon ántron epōnumíēn kaléousin.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
[edit]

For dual and plural forms, see σφωέ (sphōé) and σφεῖς (spheîs).

Declension
[edit]
Irregular declension of —; οὗ / οὑ† (Attic)
Case / # Singular Plural
Nominative — σφεῖς
spheîs
Genitive οὗ / οὑ†
hoû / hou† 		σφῶν
sphôn
Dative οἷ / οἱ†
hoî / hoi† 		σφῐ́σῐ / σφῐ́σῐν
sphĭ́sĭ(n)
Accusative ἕ / ἑ†
hé / he† 		σφᾶς
sphâs
Vocative — σφεῖς
spheîs
Notes:
Irregular declension of —; ἕο / ἑο† / εὗ / εὑ† / ἕθεν / ἑθεν† / εἷο / ἑοῖο (Epic)
Case / # Singular
Nominative —
Genitive ἕο / ἑο† / εὗ / εὑ† / ἕθεν / ἑθεν† / εἷο / ἑοῖο
héo / heo† / heû / heu† / héthen / hethen† / heîo / heoîo
Dative οἷ / οἱ† / ἑοῖ / σφῐ† / σφῐν†
hoî / hoi† / heoî / sphĭ(n)†
Accusative ἕ / ἑ† / ἑέ / μῐ́ν / μῐν† / νῐ́ν / νῐν† / σφε†
hé / he† / heé / mĭ́n / mĭn† / nĭ́n / nĭn† / sphe†
Vocative —
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
  • †enclitic
  • ἑοῖο (heoîo) is a late form.
  • Epic strongly prefers μῐ́ν (mĭ́n) over νῐ́ν (nĭ́n).
Irregular declension of —; εὑ† (Ionic)
Case / # Singular
Nominative —
Genitive εὑ†
heu†
Dative οἱ†
hoi†
Accusative ἑ† / μῐν†
he† / mĭn†
Vocative —
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
  • †enclitic
Irregular declension of —; ἑοῦς / ἑοῦ / ϝέος / ἕθεν (Doric)
Case / # Singular
Nominative —
Genitive ἑοῦς / ἑοῦ / ϝέος / ἕθεν
heoûs / heoû / wéos / héthen
Dative οἷ / οἱ† / ϝῐ́ν / ϝοι†
hoî / hoi† / wĭ́n / woi†
Accusative ἕ / ϝέ / νῐ́ν / νῐν†
hé / wé / nĭ́n / nĭn†
Vocative —
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
  • †enclitic
Irregular declension of —; ϝέθεν (Aeolic)
Case / # Singular
Nominative —
Genitive ϝέθεν
wéthen
Dative ϝοι†
woi†
Accusative ϝέ
wé
Vocative —
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
  • †enclitic
  • ἑοῦς (heoûs) and ἑΐν (heḯn) are the Boeotian genitive and dative forms.
Coordinate terms
[edit]
Ancient Greek personal pronouns
first second third
singular ἐγώ (egṓ) σῠ́ (sŭ́) αὐτός (autós),
οὗ (hoû),
ὅς (hós),
ὁ (ho),
ὅ (hó),
οὗτος (hoûtos),
ὅδε (hóde),
ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos)
dual νώ (nṓ) σφώ (sphṓ) αὐτώ (autṓ),
σφωέ (sphōé),
ὥ (hṓ),
τώ (tṓ),
τούτω (toútō),
τώδε (tṓde),
ἐκείνω (ekeínō)
plural ἡμεῖς (hēmeîs) ῡ̔μεῖς (hūmeîs) αὐτοί (autoí),
σφεῖς (spheîs),
οἵ (hoí),
οἱ (hoi),
οὗτοι (hoûtoi),
οἵδε (hoíde),
ἐκεῖνοι (ekeînoi)
Derived terms
[edit]
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]
  • Tsakonian: νι (ni), σι (si)

References

[edit]
  • “οὗ, οἷ, ἕ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 325
  • Carl Darling Buck, Introduction to the Study of the Greek Dialects, section 118
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365

Etymology 2

[edit]

See ὅς (hós).

Pronoun

[edit]

οὗ • (hoû)

  1. masculine/neuter genitive singular of ὅς (hós)

Determiner

[edit]

οὗ • (hoû)

  1. masculine/neuter genitive singular of ὅς (hós)

Adverb

[edit]

οὗ • (hoû) (relative adverb)

  1. where; when
    • c. 479 BCE – 430 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 486:
      οὗ Σπερχειὸς ἄρδει πεδίον εὐμενεῖ ποτῷ
      hoû Sperkheiòs árdei pedíon eumeneî potōî
      where the Sphercheus waters the plain with kindly stream.
    • c. 479 BCE – 430 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 486:
      νῦν γὰρ δὴ ἐξ οὗ ἐγένοντο Ἀθηναῖοι ἐς κίνδυνον ἥκουσι
      nûn gàr dḕ ex hoû egénonto Athēnaîoi es kíndunon hḗkousi
      now indeed since when the athenians were born they get to an enormous danger
Coordinate terms
[edit]
Ancient Greek correlatives (edit)
type interrogative indefinite demonstrative relative indefinite
relative 		identity other
(medial) proximal distal
basic τίς τις, ἔνιοι †ὁ, οὗτος ὅδε ἐκεῖνος ὅς ὅστις ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός ἕτερος, ἄλλος
dual πότερος πότερος, ποτερός ὁπότερος
quality ποῖος ποιός †τοῖος, τοιοῦτος τοιόσδε οἷος ὁποῖος ὅμοιος ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος
quantity πόσος ποσός †τόσος, τοσοῦτος τοσόσδε ὅσος ὁπόσος
manner πῶς πως †τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως ὧδε ὡς ὅπως ὁμῶς ἑτέρως, ἄλλως
method,
path,
place 		πῇ πῃ τῇ, ταύτῃ τῇδε ἐκείνῃ ᾗ ὅπῃ ἄλλῃ
place ποῦ, †πόθι που, †ποθι ἐνταῦθα ἐνθάδε ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι ὅπου, †ὁπόθι αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ ἄλλοθι
source πόθεν ποθεν, ἁμόθεν †τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν ἐνθένδε ἐκεῖθεν ὅθεν ὁπόθεν †ὁμόθεν ἄλλοθεν
destination ποῖ, †πόσε ποι ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο ἐκεῖσε οἷ ὅποι, †ὁπόσε αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε ἄλλοσε
time πότε, πῆμος ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε τότε, τῆμος τημόσδε ὅτε, ἦμος ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος ἅμα ἄλλοτε
exact time πηνίκα †τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα τηνικάδε ἡνίκα ὁπηνίκα αὐτίκα
duration of time τέως ἕως
size, age πηλίκος πηλίκος †τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος τηλικόσδε ἡλίκος ὁπηλίκος ὁμῆλιξ
repetition ποσάκις, ποσίνδα ποσάκις τουτάκις, τοσάκις †ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις ὁποσάκις
multiplication ποσαπλάσιος ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων
order πόστος ποστός ὁπόστος
† Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose
Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions.

Etymology 3

[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

[edit]

οὗ • (hoû)

  1. second-person singular aorist middle imperative of ῑ̔́ημῐ (hī́ēmĭ)

References

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=οὗ&oldid=93443128"