Appendix:Ancient Greek correlatives
| type | interrogative | indefinite | negative | collective | distributive | (medial) demonstrative |
proximal demonstrative |
distal demonstrative |
relative | indefinite relative |
identity | other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic | τίς (tís, “who? what?”) | τις (tis, “someone, something”) δείς (deís, “a certain one, a certain thing”) |
οὐδείς (oudeís, “no one, nothing”) μηδείς (mēdeís) μηδαμοί (mēdamoí) |
πᾶς (pâs, “all, every”) ἅπας (hápas) |
ἕκαστος (hékastos, “each, every”) | †ὁ (ho, “the”) οὗτος (hoûtos, “this”) |
ὅδε (hóde, “this”) | ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos, “that”) | ὅς (hós, “who, what”) | ὅστις (hóstis, “whoever, whatever”) | ὁ αὐτός (ho autós, “the same”) ὁμός (homós) ὅσπερ (hósper, “the very same”) |
ἄλλος (állos, “another”) |
| dual | πότερος (póteros, “which of two?”) | πότερος (póteros, “either of two”) rarely ποτερός (poterós) |
οὐδέτερος (oudéteros, “neither of two”) | ἄμφω (ámphō, “both”) | ἑκάτερος (hekáteros, “each one of both”) | ὁπότερος (hopóteros, “whichever of two”) | ἕτερος (héteros, “the other”) | |||||
| quality | ποῖος (poîos, “what kind?”) | ποιός (poiós, “some kind of”) | (οὐδάμινος (oudáminos, “worthless, good for nothing”) μηδαμινός (mēdaminós)) |
παντοῖος (pantoîos, “of all kinds”) | †τοῖος (toîos, “this kind”) τοιοῦτος (toioûtos) |
τοιόσδε (toiósde) | ἐκείνινος (ekeíninos, “of that material”)) | οἷος (hoîos, “which kind; such as”) | ὁποῖος (hopoîos, “whatever kind”) | ὅμοιος (hómoios, “the same kind”) | ἑτεροῖος (heteroîos, “the other kind”) ἀλλοῖος (alloîos) | |
| quantity | πόσος (pósos, “how much?”) | ποσός (posós, “some amount of”) | †τόσος (tósos, “this much”) τοσοῦτος (tosoûtos) |
τοσόσδε (tosósde) | ὅσος (hósos) | ὁπόσος (hopósos) | ||||||
| manner | πῶς (pôs, “how?”) | πως (pōs, “somehow”) | οὐδαμῶς (oudamôs, “by no means, in no wise”) μηδαμῶς (mēdamôs) οὐθαμῶς (outhamôs) |
πάντῃ (pántēi, “in every way, by all means”) | †τώς (tṓs) †ὥς (hṓs) οὕτως (hoútōs, “thus; so”) |
ὧδε (hôde, “thus”) | ὡς (hōs, “as”) | ὅπως (hópōs, “however”) | ὁμῶς (homôs, “in the same way; likewise”) | ἑτέρως (hetérōs, “in the other way”) ἄλλως (állōs, “otherwise”) | ||
| method, place |
πῇ (pēî) | πῃ (pēi) | οὐδαμῇ (oudamēî) μηδαμῇ (mēdamēî) |
τῇ (tēî) ταύτῃ (taútēi) |
τῇδε (tēîde) | ἐκείνῃ (ekeínēi) | ᾗ (hēî) | ὅπῃ (hópēi) | ὁμῇ (homēî) | ἄλλῃ (állēi) | ||
| path | πανταχῇ (pantakhēî, “everywhere; in every way”) πανταχῶς (pantakhôs) |
ἑκασταχῇ (hekastakhēî, “each way; everywhere”) | ὁσαχῇ (hosakhēî, “in as many ways as”) | ὁποσαχῇ (hoposakhēî, “in however many ways”) | ἀλλαχῇ (allakhēî, “to another place”) | |||||||
| place | ποῦ (poû, “where?”) †πόθι (póthi) |
που (pou, “somewhere”) †ποθί (pothí) |
οὐδαμοῦ (oudamoû, “nowhere”) μηδαμοῦ (mēdamoû) μηθαμοῦ (mēthamoû) |
πανταχοῦ (pantakhoû, “everywhere”) †πάντοθι (pántothi) |
ἑκασταχοῦ (hekastakhoû, “in every place”) | ἐνταῦθα (entaûtha, “here”) ἔνθα (éntha) |
ἐκεῖ (ekeî, “there”) †ἐκεῖθι (ekeîthi) |
οὗ (hoû) ἔνθα (éntha) †ὅθι (hóthi) |
ὅπου (hópou, “wherever”) †ὁπόθι (hopóthi) |
αὐτόθι (autóthi, “in the same place”) ὁμοῦ (homoû) |
ἄλλοθι (állothi, “elsewhere”) | |
| source | πόθεν (póthen, “from where? whence?”) | ποθέν (pothén, “from somewhere”) †ἁμόθεν (hamóthen) |
οὐδαμόθεν (oudamóthen, “from no place”) μηδαμόθεν (mēdamóthen) |
πανταχόθεν (pantakhóthen, “from every side”) | ἑκασταχόθεν (hekastakhóthen) | †τόθεν (tóthen, “from there; thence”) ἔνθεν (énthen) ἐντεῦθεν (enteûthen) |
ἐνθένδε (enthénde, “from this place; hence”) | ἐκεῖθεν (ekeîthen, “from that place; thence”) | ὅθεν (hóthen, “from where”) | ὁπόθεν (hopóthen, “from wherever”) | †ὁμόθεν (homóthen, “from the same place”) | ἄλλοθεν (állothen, “from elsewhere”) |
| destination | ποῖ (poî, “to where? whither?”) †πόσε (póse) |
ποι (poi, “to somewhere; somewhither”) | οὐδαμοῖ (oudamoî, “to no place”) μηδαμόσε (mēdamóse) |
πανταχοῖ (pantakhoî, “in every direction”) | ἑκασταχοῖ (hekastakhoî, “to each side; every way”) | ἔνθα (éntha, “to here; hither”) ἐνταῦθα (entaûtha) |
ἐνθάδε (entháde, “to here; hither”) δεῦρο (deûro) |
ἐκεῖσε (ekeîse, “to that place; thither”) | οἷ (hoî, “to where; whither”) | ὅποι (hópoi, “to wherever”) †ὁπόσε (hopóse) |
αὐτόσε (autóse, “to the same place”) ὁμόσε (homóse) |
ἄλλοσε (állose, “to somewhere else; elsewhither”) |
| time | πότε (póte, “when?”) πῆμος (pêmos) |
ποτέ (poté, “once; sometime”) | οὐδέποτε (oudépote) οὔποτε (oúpote, “never”) |
διὰ παντός (dià pantós) πάντοτε (pántote) |
ἑκάστοτε (hekástote, “always, each time”) | τότε (tóte, “then”) τῆμος (têmos) |
τημόσδε (tēmósde, “at this time”) | ὅτε (hóte, “when”) ἦμος (êmos) |
ὁπότε (hopóte, “whenever”) †ὁππῆμος (hoppêmos) |
ἅμα (háma, “at the same time”) | ἄλλοτε (állote, “at another time”) | |
| exact time | πηνίκα (pēníka, “at what time?”) | πηνίκα (pēníka, “at some time”) | †τηνίκα (tēníka, “at this time”) τηνικαῦτα (tēnikaûta) |
τηνικάδε (tēnikáde, “at this time”) | ἡνίκα (hēníka, “at which time”) | ὁπηνίκα (hopēníka, “at whatever time”) | αὐτίκα (autíka, “immediately”) | |||||
| duration of time | τέως (téōs) | ἕως (héōs) | ||||||||||
| size, age | πηλίκος (pēlíkos, “how large?”) | πηλίκος (pēlíkos, “some size”) | †τηλίκος (tēlíkos, “this size”) τηλικοῦτος (tēlikoûtos) |
τηλικόσδε (tēlikósde, “this size; this age”) | ἡλίκος (hēlíkos, “which size”) | ὁπηλίκος (hopēlíkos, “whatever size”) | ὁμῆλιξ (homêlix, “the same age”) | |||||
| repetition | ποσάκις (posákis, “how many times?”) ποσίνδα (posínda) |
ποσάκις (posákis, “some number of times”) | †παντάκις (pantákis, “every time”) | ἑκαστάκις (hekastákis, “each time, every time”) | τουτάκις (toutákis, “this many times”) τόσακις (tósakis) |
†ὁσάκις (hosákis) | ὁποσάκις (hoposákis, “however many times”) | |||||
| multiplication | ποσαπλάσιος (posaplásios, “how many times?”) | ὁσαπλάσιος (hosaplásios) ὁσαπλασίων (hosaplasíōn, “as many times as”) |
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| order | πόστος (póstos, “which in a series?”) | ποστός (postós, “somewhere in a series”) | ἕκαστος (hékastos, “each, every one in a series”) | ὁπόστος (hopóstos, “in which place in a series”) | ||||||||
| † Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions. | ||||||||||||