πᾶς

See also: πας and πᾶσ’

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

πᾰν- (păn-) — combining form
παῖς (paîs) — Aeolic
πάνσα f (pánsa) — Cretan, Thessalian, Arcadocypriot

Etymology

First attested in Mycenean Greek as 𐀞𐀯 (pa-si, equivalent to πᾶσῐ (pâsĭ)). From an earlier *πᾰ́ντς (*pắnts), from Proto-Hellenic *pánts, often theorized to be from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂-ént-s (“all”)^[1] or *péh₂-n̥t-s^[2] based on comparison to Tocharian B po, pont- (“all, every”), but this is uncertain.^[3] See however πᾰ́γχῠ (pắnkhŭ) and πᾰ́νῠ (pắnŭ), which are more difficult to explain.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pâːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpas/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpas/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpas/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpas/

Determiner

πᾶς • (pâs) (feminine πᾶσᾰ, neuter πᾶν)

(in the plural) all; every; each
(in the singular) whole

Declension

First and third declension of πᾶς; πᾶσᾰ; πᾶν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	πᾶς pâs	πᾶσᾰ pâsă	πᾶν pân	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾱ́σᾱ pā́sā	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾰ́ντες pắntes	πᾶσαι pâsai	πᾰ́ντᾰ pắntă
Genitive	πᾰντός păntós	πᾱ́σης pā́sēs	πᾰντός păntós	πᾰ́ντοιν pắntoin	πᾱ́σαιν pā́sain	πᾰ́ντοιν pắntoin	πᾰ́ντων pắntōn	πᾱσῶν pāsôn	πᾰ́ντων pắntōn
Dative	πᾰντῐ́ păntĭ́	πᾱ́σῃ pā́sēi	πᾰντῐ́ păntĭ́	πᾰ́ντοιν pắntoin	πᾱ́σαιν pā́sain	πᾰ́ντοιν pắntoin	πᾶσῐ πᾶσῐν pâsĭ(n)	πᾱ́σαις pā́sais	πᾶσῐ πᾶσῐν pâsĭ(n)
Accusative	πᾰ́ντᾰ pắntă	πᾶσᾰν pâsăn	πᾶν pân	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾱ́σᾱ pā́sā	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾰ́ντᾰς pắntăs	πᾱ́σᾱς pā́sās	πᾰ́ντᾰ pắntă
Vocative	πᾶς pâs	πᾶσᾰ pâsă	πᾶν pân	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾱ́σᾱ pā́sā	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾰ́ντες pắntes	πᾶσαι pâsai	πᾰ́ντᾰ pắntă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	πᾰ́ντως pắntōs			—			—
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and third declension of πᾶς; πᾶσᾰ; πᾶν (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	πᾶς pâs	πᾶσᾰ pâsă	πᾶν pân	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾱ́σᾱ pā́sā	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾰ́ντες pắntes	πᾶσαι pâsai	πᾰ́ντᾰ pắntă
Genitive	πᾰντός păntós	πᾱ́σης pā́sēs	πᾰντός păntós	πᾰ́ντοιῐ̈ν pắntoiĭ̈n	πᾱ́σαιῐ̈ν pā́saiĭ̈n	πᾰ́ντοιῐ̈ν pắntoiĭ̈n	πᾰ́ντων pắntōn	πᾱσᾱ́ων πᾱσέων πᾱσῶν pāsā́ōn pāséōn pāsôn	πᾰ́ντων pắntōn
Dative	πᾰντῐ́ păntĭ́	πᾱ́σῃ pā́sēi	πᾰντῐ́ păntĭ́	πᾰ́ντοιῐ̈ν pắntoiĭ̈n	πᾱ́σαιῐ̈ν pā́saiĭ̈n	πᾰ́ντοιῐ̈ν pắntoiĭ̈n	πᾶσῐ πᾶσῐν πᾰ́ντεσῐ πᾰ́ντεσῐν πᾰ́ντεσσῐ πᾰ́ντεσσῐν pâsĭ(n) pắntesĭ(n) pắntessĭ(n)	πᾱ́σῃσῐ πᾱ́σῃσῐν πᾱ́σῃς πᾱ́σαις pā́sēisĭ(n) pā́sēis pā́sais	πᾶσῐ πᾶσῐν πᾰ́ντεσῐ πᾰ́ντεσῐν πᾰ́ντεσσῐ πᾰ́ντεσσῐν pâsĭ(n) pắntesĭ(n) pắntessĭ(n)
Accusative	πᾰ́ντᾰ pắntă	πᾶσᾰν pâsăn	πᾶν pân	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾱ́σᾱ pā́sā	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾰ́ντᾰς pắntăs	πᾱ́σᾱς pā́sās	πᾰ́ντᾰ pắntă
Vocative	πᾶς pâs	πᾶσᾰ pâsă	πᾶν pân	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾱ́σᾱ pā́sā	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾰ́ντες pắntes	πᾶσαι pâsai	πᾰ́ντᾰ pắntă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	πᾰ́ντως pắntōs			—			—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

First and third declension of πᾶς; πᾶσᾰ; πᾶν (Ionic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	πᾶς pâs	πᾶσᾰ pâsă	πᾶν pân	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾱ́σᾱ pā́sā	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾰ́ντες pắntes	πᾶσαι pâsai	πᾰ́ντᾰ pắntă
Genitive	πᾰντός păntós	πᾱ́σης pā́sēs	πᾰντός păntós	πᾰ́ντοιν pắntoin	πᾱ́σαιν pā́sain	πᾰ́ντοιν pắntoin	πᾰ́ντων pắntōn	πᾱσέων πᾱσῶν pāséōn pāsôn	πᾰ́ντων pắntōn
Dative	πᾰντῐ́ păntĭ́	πᾱ́σῃ pā́sēi	πᾰντῐ́ păntĭ́	πᾰ́ντοιν pắntoin	πᾱ́σαιν pā́sain	πᾰ́ντοιν pắntoin	πᾶσῐ πᾶσῐν pâsĭ(n)	πᾱ́σῃσῐ πᾱ́σῃσῐν pā́sēisĭ(n)	πᾶσῐ πᾶσῐν pâsĭ(n)
Accusative	πᾰ́ντᾰ pắntă	πᾶσᾰν pâsăn	πᾶν pân	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾱ́σᾱ pā́sā	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾰ́ντᾰς pắntăs	πᾱ́σᾱς pā́sās	πᾰ́ντᾰ pắntă
Vocative	πᾶς pâs	πᾶσᾰ pâsă	πᾶν pân	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾱ́σᾱ pā́sā	πᾰ́ντε pắnte	πᾰ́ντες pắntes	πᾶσαι pâsai	πᾰ́ντᾰ pắntă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	πᾰ́ντως pắntōs			—			—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

ᾰ̔πᾰξᾰ́πᾱς (hăpăxắpās)
ᾰ̔́πᾱς (hắpās)
δῐᾰ̀ πᾰντός (dĭằ păntós)
ἔμπᾱς (émpās)
ξῠ́μπᾱς (xŭ́mpās)
πᾰ́μπᾰν (pắmpăn)
πᾰννῠ́χῐος (pănnŭ́khĭos)
πᾰννῠχῐ́ς (pănnŭkhĭ́s)
πᾰντᾰ́πᾱσῐ (păntắpāsĭ)
πᾰντᾰχῇ (păntăkhēî)
πᾰντᾰχόθεν (păntăkhóthen)
πᾰντᾰχόθῐ (păntăkhóthĭ)
πᾰντᾰχοῖ (păntăkhoî)
πᾰντᾰχόσε (păntăkhóse)
πᾰντᾰχοῦ (păntăkhoû)
πᾰντᾰχῶς (păntăkhôs)
πᾰντέλειᾰ (păntéleiă)
πᾰντελής (păntelḗs)
πᾰντευχῐ́ᾱ (pănteukhĭ́ā)
πᾰ́ντῃ (pắntēi)
πᾰ́ντῑμος (pắntīmos)
πᾰντλήμων (păntlḗmōn)
πᾰντοδᾰπός (păntodăpós)
πᾰ́ντοθεν (pắntothen)
πᾰντοιᾰ́ς (păntoiắs)
πᾰντοῖος (păntoîos)
πᾰντοκρᾰ́τειρᾰ (păntokrắteiră)
πᾰντοκρᾰτής (păntokrătḗs)
πᾰντοκρᾰ́τωρ (păntokrắtōr)
πᾰ́ντολμος (pắntolmos)
πᾰντοπωλέω (păntopōléō)
πᾰντοπώλης (păntopṓlēs)
πᾰντοπώλῐον (păntopṓlĭon)
πᾰ́ντοσε (pắntose)
πᾰ́ντοτε (pắntote)
πᾰ́ντως (pắntōs)
πᾰ́νῠ (pắnŭ)
πᾰρᾰ́πᾰν (părắpăn)
πρόπᾱς (própās)
σῠ́μπᾱς (sŭ́mpās)
σῠνᾰ́πᾱς (sŭnắpās)

Descendants

Greek: παν n (pan, “everything, Universe”)
Italiot Greek: pa
English: pan-, pant-, panto-, panta-

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πᾶς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1154–1155
^ John W. H. Penney, personal communication cited by Adams (2013)
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “po”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 232–234