τίς
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Ancient Greek[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tís/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /tis/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /tis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /tis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /tis/
Audio (Classical Attic): τίς, τί (file)
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷis. Cognates include Latin quis and Hittite [script needed] (kuiš). Compare its indefinite form τις (tis, “anyone, anything”).
In Attic, the labiovelar *kʷ- becomes τ- before the front vowel ι and by analogy also before ου, ῳ in the genitive and dative singular, but π- before the rounded back vowel ο in most of the related interrogatives listed below.
Gen. sg. τοῦ < τέο < *kʷésyo (then basis for dat. sg. τῷ and gen. pl. τέων) and the paradigm change to n-stem must have started with *τίν < *kʷím elaborated with consonant stem ending, -ᾰ.[1]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
τῐ́ς • (tís) interrogative (also see indefinite pronoun τὶς or τις)
Usage notes[edit]
- The neuter nominative/accusative τί (tí) is never elided, but a hiatus is allowed in Attic Greek.
- The stem iota remains short in every declined form.
Inflection[edit]
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||
Nominative | τίς | τί | τίνε | τίνε | τίνες | τίνα | ||||||
Genitive | τίνος, τοῦ | τίνος, τοῦ | τίνοιν | τίνοιν | τίνων | τίνων | ||||||
Dative | τίνι, τῷ | τίνι, τῷ | τίνοιν | τίνοιν | τίσι(ν) | τίσι(ν) | ||||||
Accusative | τίνα | τί | τίνε | τίνε | τίνας | τίνα | ||||||
Synonyms[edit]
- (interrogative adjective): ποῖος (poîos)
Derived terms[edit]
- τῐ́ (tí)
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
See τις (tis).
Pronoun[edit]
τίς • (tís)
- oxytone form of τις (tis, “someone, anyone”)
Usage notes[edit]
Used before another enclitic:
- 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 70b:
- καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔθος [Γοργίας] ῡ̔μᾶς εἴθικεν, ἀφόβως τε καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῶς ἀποκρῑ́νεσθαι ἐᾱ́ν τίς τι ἔρηται.
- kaì dḕ kaì toûto tò éthos [Gorgías] hūmâs eíthiken, aphóbōs te kaì megaloprepôs apokrī́nesthai eā́n tís ti érētai.
- And furthermore, [Gorgias] has also accustomed you to the habit of answering fearlessly and magnificently if someone asks you something.
- καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔθος [Γοργίας] ῡ̔μᾶς εἴθικεν, ἀφόβως τε καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῶς ἀποκρῑ́νεσθαι ἐᾱ́ν τίς τι ἔρηται.
Further reading[edit]
- τις, τι in Liddell & Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940
- τίς in Liddell & Scott, An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1889
- τίς in Autenrieth, Georg, A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers, 1891
- τίς in Bailly, Anatole, Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette, 1935
- Bauer, Walter et al., A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001
- τίς in Cunliffe, Richard J., A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1924, published 1963
- τίς in Slater, William J., Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1969
- G5100 in Strong, James, Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Woodhouse, S. C., English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, 1910.
- announce idem, page 30.
- inconsistency idem, page 430.
- which idem, page 976.
- who idem, page 977.
- Beekes, Robert S. P., Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2010, →ISBN
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L., New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1995, →ISBN, § 382
Categories:
- Ancient Greek 1-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek terms with audio links
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek pronouns
- Ancient Greek interrogative pronouns
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations