οὐ
See also: ου, -ου, -ού, οὔ, οὖ, οὗ, Ȣ, ᴕ, Appendix:Variations of "ou", and Appendix:Variations of "oy"
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- οὐκ (ouk) — before vowel with smooth breathing
- οὐχ (oukh) — before vowel with rough breathing
- οὔ (oú) — pausal form
- οὐχῐ́ (oukhĭ́) — Attic, Epic, Ionic
- οὐκῐ́ (oukĭ́) — Epic, Ionic
Etymology
[edit]Possibly οὐκί (oukí, “not so, never”), from Proto-Hellenic *oyuki, from Proto-Indo-European *(ne) h₂óyu kʷíd (“(not) ever, (not) on your life”).[1][2] Compare Sanskrit उद् (ud), Old Armenian ոչ (očʻ), and Albanian as.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /uː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /u/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /u/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /u/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /u/
Particle
[edit]οὐ • (ou) (negative particle)
- not (indicates negation)
Usage notes
[edit]- οὐ is the indicative negator (i.e. of facts, statements), whereas μή (mḗ) is the subjunctive negator (i.e. of will or thought). Usually, it immediately precedes the word which it negates (most often a verb). Negative concord (double negatives) is frequent in Ancient Greek.
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “οὐ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1123
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “očʿ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 531
Further reading
[edit]- “οὐ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “οὐ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “οὐ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- οὐ in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- οὐ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “οὐ”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3756 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ey- (life)
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 1-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek particles
- Ancient Greek unaccented terms
- Ancient Greek negative particles