σάββατον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Biblical Hebrew שַׁבָּת (šabbāṯ, “Sabbath”), or, alternatively, from Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא (šabbəṯā, “Sabbath”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈsaβ.βa.ton/ → /ˈsa.va.ton/

• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsab.ba.ton/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsaβ.βa.ton/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsav.va.ton/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsa.va.ton/

Noun

σάββατον • (sábbaton) n (genitive σαββάτου); second declension

1. (Judaism) Sabbath
   • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 20.8:

     μνήσθητι τὴν ἡμέραν τῶν σαββάτων ἁγιάζειν αὐτήν

     mnḗsthēti tḕn hēméran tôn sabbátōn hagiázein autḗn

     Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. (ESV)

2. a week (seven days)
   • 90 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of John 20:1:

     τῇ δὲ μιᾷ τῶν σαββάτων

     tēî dè miāî tôn sabbátōn

     on the first day of the week (ESV)

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ σάββατον; τοῦ σαββάτου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Plural
Nominative	τὸ σάββατον tò sábbaton	τᾰ̀ σάββατᾰ tằ sábbată
Genitive	τοῦ σαββάτου toû sabbátou	τῶν σαββάτων tôn sabbátōn
Dative	τῷ σαββάτῳ tōî sabbátōi	τοῖς σάββασῐ / σάββασῐν / σαββάτοις toîs sábbasĭ(n) / sabbátois
Accusative	τὸ σάββατον tò sábbaton	τᾰ̀ σάββατᾰ tằ sábbată
Vocative	σάββατον sábbaton	σάββατᾰ sábbată
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• σαββατίζω (sabbatízō) (> σαββατισμός (sabbatismós))
• σαββάτωσις (sabbátōsis)

Descendants

• Greek: Σάββατο (Sávvato)
• Byzantine Greek: *σάμβατον (*sámbaton)
  • Italiot Greek: samba
  • → Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ (sabbaton)
  • → Gothic: *𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉 (*sambatō)
    • Old High German: sambaztag (see there for further descendants)
  • → Latin: *sambatum (see there for further descendants)
  • → Proto-Slavic: *sǫbota (see there for further descendants)
• → Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉 (sabbatō)
• → Romani: sàvato
• → Old Armenian: սաբբատ (sabbat), սաբատ (sabat)
• → Mingrelian: საბატონი (sabaṭoni) (see there for further descendants)
• → Latin: sabbatum (see there for further descendants)
• → Laz: საბატონი (sabaťoni), საპატონი (sap̌aťoni) — Sumla, Arkabi

Further reading

• “Σάββατον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• σάββατον in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G4521 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible