σάγμα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From σάττω (sáttō, “I cram, I stuff”) and the suffix -μα (-ma). Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *twenk- (“to press, squeeze”) (Proto-Germanic *þwangiz).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sáŋ.ma/ → /ˈsaɣ.ma/ → /ˈsaɣ.ma/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sáŋ.ma/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsaɡ.ma/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsaɣ.ma/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsaɣ.ma/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsaɣ.ma/

Noun

σάγμᾰ • (ságma) n (genitive σάγμᾰτος); third declension

1. A covering, a clothing; the covering of a shield
2. A packsaddle

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ σᾰ́γμᾰ; τοῦ σᾰ́γμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ σᾰ́γμᾰ tò ságma	τὼ σᾰ́γμᾰτε tṑ ságmate	τᾰ̀ σᾰ́γμᾰτᾰ tà ságmata
Genitive	τοῦ σᾰ́γμᾰτος toû ságmatos	τοῖν σᾰγμᾰ́τοιν toîn sagmátoin	τῶν σᾰγμᾰ́των tôn sagmátōn
Dative	τῷ σᾰ́γμᾰτῐ tôi ságmati	τοῖν σᾰγμᾰ́τοιν toîn sagmátoin	τοῖς σᾰ́γμᾰσῐ / σᾰ́γμᾰσῐν toîs ságmasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ σᾰ́γμᾰ tò ságma	τὼ σᾰ́γμᾰτε tṑ ságmate	τᾰ̀ σᾰ́γμᾰτᾰ tà ságmata
Vocative	σᾰ́γμᾰ ságma	σᾰ́γμᾰτε ságmate	σᾰ́γμᾰτᾰ ságmata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Latin: sagma
  • → French: somme
  • → German: Saum
  • → Italian: salma, soma

Further reading

• “σάγμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• σάγμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

References

• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN