τίγρις

See also: Τίγρις

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From an Indo-Iranian language. Some suppose a relation to Avestan 𐬝𐬌𐬔𐬭𐬌 (t̰igri, “arrow”), Old Persian 𐎫𐎥𐎼 (t-g-r, “pointed, sharp”); based on these comparanda, the word would ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to point, stick”), according to Watkins. Beekes notes, however, that the word referring to the animal could very well be from some foreign substrate borrowed into Iranian, and converged in form to the Iranian words for "sharp, arrow" via folk-etymological adaptation.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tí.ɡris/ → /ˈti.ɣris/ → /ˈti.ɣris/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tí.ɡris/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɡris/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɣris/

Noun

τῐ́γρῐς • (tĭ́grĭs) f (genitive τῐ́γρεως); third declension

1. tiger

Inflection

Third declension of ἡ τῐ́γρῐς; τῆς τῐ́γρεως (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ τῐ́γρῐς hē tĭ́grĭs	τὼ τῐ́γρει tṑ tĭ́grei	αἱ τῐ́γρεις hai tĭ́greis
Genitive	τῆς τῐ́γρεως tês tĭ́greōs	τοῖν τῐγρέοιν toîn tĭgréoin	τῶν τῐ́γρεων tôn tĭ́greōn
Dative	τῇ τῐ́γρει têi tĭ́grei	τοῖν τῐγρέοιν toîn tĭgréoin	ταῖς τῐ́γρεσῐ / τῐ́γρεσῐν taîs tĭ́gresĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν τῐ́γρῐν tḕn tĭ́grĭn	τὼ τῐ́γρει tṑ tĭ́grei	τᾱ̀ς τῐ́γρεις tā̀s tĭ́greis
Vocative	τῐ́γρῐ tĭ́grĭ	τῐ́γρει tĭ́grei	τῐ́γρεις tĭ́greis
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Greek: τίγρη (tígri)
• → Aramaic: טיגריס (ṭīgrīs)
  • Classical Syriac: ܛܝܓܪܝܣ (ṭīḡrīs)
• → Hebrew: טיגריס (tígris)
• → Latin: tigris (see there for further descendants)
• → Old East Slavic: тигръ (tigrŭ)
  • Russian: тигр (tigr), тигръ (tigr) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
    • → Ingrian: tigra
    • → Komi-Zyrian: тигр (ťigr)
  • Ukrainian: тигр (tyhr)
• → Ottoman Turkish: تكیر (tekir)
  • Turkish: tekir
  • → Armenian: թէքիր (tʻēkʻir)

Further reading

• “τίγρις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τίγρις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• τίγρις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 874
• τίγρις, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Greek

Noun

τίγρις • (tígris) f

1. Katharevousa form of τίγρη (tígri, “tiger”)