τρίαινα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From τρεῖς (treîs, “three”) +‎ -αινᾰ (-aina). Chantraine considers a folk-etymological transformation after the numeral. Furnée compares τρίναξ (trínax, “instrument used in agricolture”) and θρῖναξ (thrînax, “three-pronged fork”), and asks whether the word could be a transformation of a loan for an agricultural tool.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /trí.ai̯.na/ → /ˈtri.ɛ.na/ → /ˈtri.e.na/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /trí.ai̯.na/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.ɛ.na/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.ɛ.na/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.e.na/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.e.na/

Noun

τρῐ́αινᾰ • (tríaina) f (genitive τρῐαίνᾱς); first declension

1. trident, the badge of Poseidon

   Synonym: τριόδους (triódous)

2. three-pronged fork

   Synonym: θρῖναξ (thrînax)

3. (surgery) kind of cautery

Inflection

First declension of ἡ τρῐ́αινᾰ; τῆς τρῐαίνᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ τρῐ́αινᾰ hē tríaina	τὼ τρῐαίνᾱ tṑ triaínā	αἱ τρῐ́αιναι hai tríainai
Genitive	τῆς τρῐαίνᾱς tês triaínās	τοῖν τρῐαίναιν toîn triaínain	τῶν τρῐαινῶν tôn triainôn
Dative	τῇ τρῐαίνᾳ têi triaínāi	τοῖν τρῐαίναιν toîn triaínain	ταῖς τρῐαίναις taîs triaínais
Accusative	τὴν τρῐ́αινᾰν tḕn tríainan	τὼ τρῐαίνᾱ tṑ triaínā	τᾱ̀ς τρῐαίνᾱς tā̀s triaínās
Vocative	τρῐ́αινᾰ tríaina	τρῐαίνᾱ triaínā	τρῐ́αιναι tríainai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• τριαινατῆρες (triainatêres)
• τριαινοειδής (triainoeidḗs)
• τριαινοῦχος (triainoûkhos)
• τριαινόω (triainóō)
• τριαινώδης (triainṓdēs)

 

Descendants

• Greek: τρίαινα (tríaina)

References

• “τρίαινα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τρίαινα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “τρίαινα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• τρίαινα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• τρίαινα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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Greek

Noun

τρίαινα • (tríaina) f (plural τρίαινες)

1. trident (three tined harpoon)

Declension

Declension of τρίαινα

	singular	plural
nominative	τρίαινα •	τρίαινες •
genitive	τρίαινας •	τριαινών •
accusative	τρίαινα •	τρίαινες •
vocative	τρίαινα •	τρίαινες •

Synonyms

• τρικράνι n (trikráni)