граждан

Bashkir

Etymology

From Russian граждани́н (graždanín, “citizen”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡräʐ.dän]
• Hyphenation: граж‧дан

Noun

граждан • (grajdan)

1. citizen

   Сит ил граждандары.

   Sit il grajdandarı.

   Foreign citizens.

Declension

Declension of граждан

	singular	plural
absolute	граждан (grajdan)	граждандар (grajdandar)
definite genitive	граждандың (grajdandıñ)	граждандарҙың (grajdandarźıñ)
dative	гражданға (grajdanğa)	граждандарға (grajdandarğa)
definite accusative	гражданды (grajdandı)	граждандарҙы (grajdandarźı)
locative	гражданда (grajdanda)	граждандарҙа (grajdandarźa)
ablative	граждандан (grajdandan)	граждандарҙан (grajdandarźan)

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Possibly a back-formation from гражданка (hraždanka), гражданство (hraždanstvo) or the nominative plural form гражданє (hraždanje), which would explain the deviation from expected *гражданин (*hraždanin). Alternatively, a learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic гражданъ (graždanŭ), possibly via Carpathian Rusyn граждан (hraždan), гражданин (hraždanyn). Compare Bulgarian гра́жданин (gráždanin), Russian граждани́н (graždanín) and Serbo-Croatian грађанин / građanin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɦraʒdan]
• Rhymes: -aʒdan
• Hyphenation: граж‧дан

Noun

граждан (hraždan) m pers (feminine equivalent гражданка, relational adjective граждански)

1. citizen

   Near-synonym: варощань (varoščanʹ)

Usage notes

• Nominally, a distinction is made between citizen (“inhabitant of a city or town; burgher”) and citizen (“inhabitant of a state or country”), with the latter being represented in Pannonian Rusyn as державян (deržavjan), also with the sense of "countryman". In practice, граждан (hraždan) is commonly used for both senses, making phrases such as гражданє Сербиї (hraždanje Serbiji, “citizens of Serbia”) not only possible, but substantially more common than, say, державянє (Републики) Сербиї (deržavjanje (Republiki) Serbiji). The latter appears to be used more often in legal writings or rules and regulations of competitions, and as such the use of державян (deržavjan) may be perceived as more formal, if not bookish.

Declension

Declension of граждан (hraždan)

	singular	plural
nominative	граждан (hraždan)	гражданє (hraždanje)
genitive	граждана (hraždana)	гражданох (hraždanox)
dative	гражданови (hraždanovi)	гражданом (hraždanom)
accusative	граждана (hraždana)	гражданох (hraždanox)
instrumental	гражданом (hraždanom)	гражданами (hraždanami)
locative	гражданови (hraždanovi)	гражданох (hraždanox)
vocative	граждан (hraždan)	гражданє (hraždanje)

Related terms

nouns

• гражданство n (hraždanstvo)
• малограждан m pers (malohraždan)
• сограждан m pers (sohraždan)

References

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “граждан”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
• Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “citizen”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 55

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡraʐdən]

Noun

гра́ждан • (gráždan) m anim pl

1. genitive/accusative plural of граждани́н (graždanín)