нямам

Bulgarian

Alternative forms

• не́мам (némam)

Etymology

Synchronically, from не (ne) +‎ имам (imam). Diachronically, appears to be from Old Church Slavonic нѣмамь (němamĭ), explaining the dialectal variation between нямам (njamam) and немам (nemam) on either side of the ятова граница (jatova granica, “yat border”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Cognate with Belarusian няма́ (njamá), Serbo-Croatian nemati.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnʲa̟mɐm]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -amɐm
• Syllabification^(key): ня‧мам

Verb

ня́мам • (njámam) first-singular present indicative, impf or pf

1. (transitive) to not have, to lack
2. (impersonal) to be absent, be unavailable
3. (auxiliary) the present of нямам is used with the particle да (da) to form the negative future tense and future perfect tense
4. (auxiliary) the imperfect of нямам is used with the particle да (da) to form the negative future tense in the past and future perfect in the past

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ня́мам (conjugation 3, biaspectual, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ня́мащ njámašt	ня́мал, няма́л1 njámal, njamál1	ня́мал njámal	ня́ман njáman		ня́майки njámajki
	definite subject form	ня́мащият njámaštijat	ня́малият, няма́лият1 njámalijat, njamálijat1	—	ня́маният njámanijat
	definite object form	ня́мащия njámaštija	ня́малия, няма́лия1 njámalija, njamálija1	—	ня́мания njámanija
feminine	indefinite	ня́маща njámašta	ня́мала, няма́ла1 njámala, njamála1	ня́мала njámala	ня́мана njámana
	definite	ня́мащата njámaštata	ня́малата, няма́лата1 njámalata, njamálata1	—	ня́маната njámanata
neuter	indefinite	ня́мащо njámašto	ня́мало, няма́ло1 njámalo, njamálo1	ня́мало njámalo	ня́мано njámano	ня́мане njámane
	definite	ня́мащото njámaštoto	ня́малото, няма́лото1 njámaloto, njamáloto1	—	ня́маното njámanoto	ня́мането njámaneto
plural	indefinite	ня́мащи njámašti	ня́мали, няма́ли1 njámali, njamáli1	ня́мали njámali	ня́мани njámani	ня́мания, ня́манета njámanija, njámaneta
	definite	ня́мащите njámaštite	ня́малите, няма́лите1 njámalite, njamálite1	—	ня́маните njámanite	ня́манията, ня́манетата njámanijata, njámanetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ня́мам njámam	ня́маш njámaš	ня́ма njáma	ня́маме njámame	ня́мате njámate	ня́мат njámat
imperfect		ня́мах njámah	ня́маше njámaše	ня́маше njámaše	ня́махме njámahme	ня́махте njámahte	ня́маха njámaha
aorist		ня́мах, няма́х1 njámah, njamáh1	ня́ма, няма́1 njáma, njamá1	ня́ма, няма́1 njáma, njamá1	ня́махме, няма́хме1 njámahme, njamáhme1	ня́махте, няма́хте1 njámahte, njamáhte1	ня́маха, няма́ха1 njámaha, njamáha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ня́мал m, ня́мала f, ня́мало n, or ня́мали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ня́мал m, ня́мала f, ня́мало n, or ня́мали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ня́мал m, ня́мала f, ня́мало n, or ня́мали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ня́мал/няма́л1 m, ня́мала/няма́ла1 f, ня́мало/няма́ло1 n, or ня́мали/няма́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			ня́май njámaj			ня́майте njámajte

¹Dialectally marked.