харч

Belarusian

Alternative forms

• charč, charcz — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic харчь (xarčĭ), from Arabic خَرْج (ḵarj), via a Turkic language; compare Azerbaijani xərc and Turkish harç.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xart͡ʂ]
• Rhymes: -art͡ʂ

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: харч

Noun

харч • (xarč) m inan (genitive ха́рчу, nominative plural харчы́, genitive plural харчо́ў)

1. food, grub

   Synonyms: яда́ (jadá), е́жа (jéža)

2. animal feeding, fodder
3. (figuratively) food for thought

Declension

Declension of харч (inan hard masc-form accent-c)

	singular	plural
nominative	харч xarč	харчы́ xarčý
genitive	ха́рчу xárču	харчо́ў xarčów
dative	ха́рчу xárču	харча́м xarčám
accusative	харч xarč	харчы́ xarčý
instrumental	ха́рчам xárčam	харча́мі xarčámi
locative	ха́рчы xárčy	харча́х xarčáx
count form	—	ха́рчы1 xárčy1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

References

• “харч”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
• “харч” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Bulgarian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic خَرْج (ḵarj)bor.

Ottoman Turkish خرج (harç)bor.

Bulgarian харч

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish خرج (harç), ultimately from Arabic خَرْج (ḵarj).

It has been speculated that кръ́чма (krắčma, “tavern”) may be derived from an earlier loanword from the same Arabic source.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xart͡ʃ]
• Rhymes: -art͡ʃ

Noun

харч • (harč) m

1. expenditure, expense, outlay (cost incurred for something)

   Заборчня́л съм от мно́го ха́рчове.

   Zaborčnjál săm ot mnógo hárčove.

   I have gone into [massive] debt due to high expendirures.

Declension

Declension of харч

	singular	plural
indefinite	харч harč	ха́рчове hárčove
definite (subject form)	ха́рчът hárčăt	ха́рчовете hárčovete
definite (object form)	ха́рча hárča
count form	—	ха́рча hárča

Derived terms

nouns

• харчлъ́к (harčlắk)

verbs

• (factitive) ха́рча (hárča)

References

• “харч”, in БЕРОН (Български езикови ресурси онлайн) [BERON (Bulgarian Language Resources Online)] (in Bulgarian), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2024
• “харч”, in Infolex Bulgarian Dictionary (in Bulgarian), Institute for Bulgarian Language, 2014
• “харч”, in ЛексИт [LexIt] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “харч”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “харч”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• “Ха́рчь”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), gerov-rechnik.net, vol. 5 (1904).

Further reading

• Krăsteva, Vesela (2003), “харч”, in Тълковен речник на турцизмите в българския език [Explanatory Dictionary of Turkisms in the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Skorpio vi

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic харчь (xarčĭ), from Arabic خَرْج (ḵarj, “expenditure, outlay, expense, costs”), via a Turkic language: compare Turkish harç, Azerbaijani xərc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xart͡ɕ]

Noun

харч • (xarč) m inan (genitive ха́рча, nominative plural харчи́, genitive plural харче́й)

1. (colloquial, usually in the plural) grub, food

   Synonyms: жратва́ (žratvá), кормёжка (kormjóžka), ха́вчик (xávčik)

   перебира́ть харча́ми ― perebirátʹ xarčámi ― to be overly picky (also figuratively)

   мета́ть харч ― metátʹ xarč ― to vomit

   • 1899, Лев Толстой [Leo Tolstoy], “Часть II. Глава XLII”, in Воскресенье; English translation from Louise Maude, transl., Resurrection, 1901:

     — Кото́рые без привы́чки, тем, изве́стно, тру́дно, — говори́л он, — а обтерпе́лся — ничего́. То́лько бы харчи́ были настоя́щие. Снача́ла харчи́ плохи́ бы́ли. Ну, а пото́м наро́д оби́делся, и харчи́ ста́ли хоро́шие, и рабо́тать ста́ло легко́.

     — Kotóryje bez privýčki, tem, izvéstno, trúdno, — govoríl on, — a obterpélsja — ničevó. Tólʹko by xarčí byli nastojáščije. Snačála xarčí ploxí býli. Nu, a potóm naród obídelsja, i xarčí stáli xoróšije, i rabótatʹ stálo lexkó.

     "Those who are not used to it find it hard, of course," he said; " but when one`s hardened it doesn`t matter, if only the food is right. At first the food was bad. Later the people complained, and they got good food, and it was easy to work."

Declension

Declension of харч (inan masc-form sibilant-stem accent-c) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ха́рч xárč	харчи́ xarčí
genitive	ха́рча xárča	харче́й xarčéj
dative	ха́рчу xárču	харча́м xarčám
accusative	ха́рч xárč	харчи́ xarčí
instrumental	ха́рчем xárčem	харча́ми xarčámi
prepositional	ха́рче xárče	харча́х xarčáx

Derived terms

• харче́вня (xarčévnja)

Related terms

• еда́ (jedá)
• пи́ща (píšča)
• пита́ние (pitánije)
• яство (jastvo)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “харчи”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Ukrainian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic харчь (xarčĭ), from Arabic خَرْج (ḵarj, “expenditure, outlay, expense, costs”), via a Turkic language: compare Turkish harç, Azerbaijani xərc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xart͡ʃ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

харч • (xarč) m inan or f inan (genitive ха́рчу or ха́рчі, nominative plural харчі́, genitive plural харчі́в, relational adjective харчови́й)

1. (often in the plural) food, grub

Declension

(masculine)

Declension of харч
(inan semisoft masc-form accent-c)

	singular	plural
nominative	харч xarč	харчі́ xarčí
genitive	ха́рчу xárču	харчі́в xarčív
dative	ха́рчеві, ха́рчу xárčevi, xárču	харча́м xarčám
accusative	харч xarč	харчі́ xarčí
instrumental	ха́рчем xárčem	харча́ми xarčámy
locative	ха́рчу, ха́рчі xárču, xárči	харча́х xarčáx
vocative	ха́рчу xárču	харчі́ xarčí

(feminine)

Declension of харч
(inan 3rd-decl fem-form accent-c)

	singular	plural
nominative	харч xarč	харчі́ xarčí
genitive	ха́рчі xárči	харчі́в xarčív
dative	ха́рчі xárči	харча́м xarčám
accusative	харч xarč	харчі́ xarčí
instrumental	ха́рчю xárčju	харча́ми xarčámy
locative	ха́рчі xárči	харча́х xarčáx
vocative	ха́рче xárče	харчі́ xarčí

Derived terms

• харчува́ти (xarčuváty), харчува́тися (xarčuvátysja)
• харчува́ння (xarčuvánnja)

References

• Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “харч”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “харч”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka