երինջ

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Armenian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Armenian երինջ (erinǰ). According to Ačaṙyan, the sense "sprout of grapes" developed figuratively from the sense “heifer”; typologically compare որթ (ortʻ, calf; vine).

Pronunciation

Noun

երինջ (erinǰ)

  1. heifer
  2. (dialectal, Ararat) three-year-old sprout of grapes which is replanted separately

Declension

Further reading

  • Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 265
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “երինջ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 56b

Old Armenian

Etymology

A Zan borrowing: compare Mingrelian ორინჯი (orinǯi), ორიჯი (oriǯi, cattle), ორჯი (orǯi, cow).[1][2] Ačaṙyan takes the borrowing in the other direction, not finding any Kartvelian cognates for Mingrelian,[3] but the latter in fact has a native origin from Proto-Kartvelian *r-, *ar- (to be), whence also Mingrelian რ-ინ-ა (r-in-a), რ-ინ-ი (r-in-i, to live, exist), მა-რ-ენჯ-ი (ma-r-enǯ-i, existing), ო-რ-ენჯ-ი (o-r-enǯ-i, future), Laz რინ- (rin-, to beget), Georgian ა-რ-ის (a-r-is, to be).[4][5][6][7][8] For the sense development compare Mingrelian შხური (šxuri), Laz ჩხური (çxuri), Georgian ცხვარი (cxvari, sheep), ultimately from Proto-Georgian-Zan *c₁xow- (animate, alive) (another Kartvelian livestock term borrowed into Armenian as ոչխար (očʻxar)).

Note also Old Armenian որոջ (oroǰ), արոջ (aroǰ, lamb), երէ (erē, herbivorous game animal; living being).

The comparisons with Ancient Greek ἔριφος (ériphos, kid), Latin ariēs (ram), Lithuanian ė́ras (lamb) are unnecessary.

Noun

երինջ (erinǰ)

  1. heifer, young cow
  2. (by extension) cow
  3. (figuratively) bride

Declension

Descendants

  • Armenian: երինջ (erinǰ)
  • Middle Armenian: երնջնակ (ernǰnak) (perhaps)

References

  1. ^ Kipšidze, Iosif (1914) “ორიჯი”, in Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Mingrelian (Iverian) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 7)‎[1] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 294b
  2. ^ Marr, N. (1912) “Яфетические элементы в языках Армении. IV [Japhethic Elements in the Languages of Armenia. IV]”, in Известия Российской Академии Наук. VI серия[2] (in Russian), volume 6, number 13, page 834
  3. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “երինջ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 56ab
  4. ^ Kiria, Č̣abuḳi, Ezugbaia, Lali, Memišiši, Omar, Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 133
  5. ^ Klimov, G. A. (1964) Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, pages 154–155
  6. ^ Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*a-r-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 3
  7. ^ Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*r-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 153
  8. ^ Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 336

Further reading

  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “երինջ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 264
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “երինջ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy