ջուր

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Armenian

Etymology

From Old Armenian ջուր (ǰur).

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Noun

ջուր • (ǰur)

  1. water
    ջուր խմել ― ǰur xmel ― to drink water

Declension

i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative ջուր (ǰur) ջրեր (ǰrer)
dative ջրի (ǰri) ջրերի (ǰreri)
ablative ջրից (ǰricʻ) ջրերից (ǰrericʻ)
instrumental ջրով (ǰrov) ջրերով (ǰrerov)
locative ջրում (ǰrum) ջրերում (ǰrerum)
definite forms
nominative ջուրը/ջուրն (ǰurə/ǰurn) ջրերը/ջրերն (ǰrerə/ǰrern)
dative ջրին (ǰrin) ջրերին (ǰrerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative ջուրս (ǰurs) ջրերս (ǰrers)
dative ջրիս (ǰris) ջրերիս (ǰreris)
ablative ջրիցս (ǰricʻs) ջրերիցս (ǰrericʻs)
instrumental ջրովս (ǰrovs) ջրերովս (ǰrerovs)
locative ջրումս (ǰrums) ջրերումս (ǰrerums)
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative ջուրդ (ǰurd) ջրերդ (ǰrerd)
dative ջրիդ (ǰrid) ջրերիդ (ǰrerid)
ablative ջրիցդ (ǰricʻd) ջրերիցդ (ǰrericʻd)
instrumental ջրովդ (ǰrovd) ջրերովդ (ǰrerovd)
locative ջրումդ (ǰrumd) ջրերումդ (ǰrerumd)

Derived terms

Old Armenian

Etymology

Since Müller 1892 often connected with a family of Baltic words, namely Lithuanian jū́rės, jū́rios, Old Prussian *jūrʲai, iūrin, Lithuanian jūra (“sea”), Lithuanian jáura, jáuras (“marshy place”), and derived from Proto-Indo-European *yuHr- (“water”).[1] J̌ahukyan adduces also Thracian Iuras (“name of a river”).[2] Further common comparisons with the family of Sanskrit वार् (vār, “water”), Persian باران (bārān, “rain”) are rejected by Olsen.[3] The evidence for the Proto-Indo-European *y- → Old Armenian ջ- (ǰ-) development is meager, but compare ջան (ǰan), ջով (ǰov). This etymology is accepted by Meillet, Ačaṙean, Solta, J̌ahukyan, Olsen (with reservation) and Matasović.[4][5][6][7][8][3][9][10] The reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European root is supported by Mallory / Adams but they reject the appurtenance of Armenian on phonetic grounds.[11]

An alternative proposal started by the same Müller (1877) and supported by Justi connects ջուր (ǰur) with Sanskrit क्षरति (kṣarati), Avestan 𐬖𐬲𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (γžaraiti), Persian شاریدن (šārīdan, “to flow, stream”), شران (šorrān, “purling (as running water)”), Northern Kurdish şirik (“drain”), şurik (“waterspout”).[12][13] This is accepted by Pokorny with reservation, who reconstructs Proto-Indo-European gʷʰdyōro- for Armenian.[14] J̌ahukyan considers this etymology less likely than the above.[2]

Noun

ջուր • (ǰur)

  1. water
    անոյշ ջուր ― anoyš ǰur ― good or potable water
    ըմպելի ջուր ― əmpeli ǰur ― drinkable water
    պաղ/զով ջուր ― pał/zov ǰur ― cold or fresh water
    գաղջ ջուր ― gałǰ ǰur ― tepid water
    տաք ջուր ― takʻ ǰur ― hot water
    եռացեալ ջուր ― eṙacʻeal ǰur ― boiling water
    հանքային ջուր ― hankʻayin ǰur ― thermal water
    ծծմբային ջուր ― ccmbayin ǰur ― sulfurous water
    աղային ջուր ― ałayin ǰur ― saline water
    օրհնեալ ջուր ― ōrhneal ǰur ― holy water
    չաստուած ջրոյ ― čʻastuac ǰroy ― water-god
    ջուր մսոյ ― ǰur msoy ― broth
    գաւաթ մի ջուր ― gawatʻ mi ǰur ― a glass, of water
    դոյլ մի ջուր ― doyl mi ǰur ― a bucket or pail of water
    դոյլ մի լի ջուր ― doyl mi li ǰur ― a pailful of water
    ընդ ջուր եւ ընդ ցամաք ― ənd ǰur ew ənd cʻamakʻ ― by sea and land
    տեղատութիւն եւ մակընթացութիւն ջուրց ― tełatutʻiwn ew makəntʻacʻutʻiwn ǰurcʻ ― tide, flux and reflux, ebb and flow
    երթալ ջրոյ ― ertʻal ǰroy ― to go to fetch water
    ջուր հանել ― ǰur hanel ― to draw water
    ջուր ըմպել ― ǰur əmpel ― to drink water
    հեղուլ, թափել, առնել ջուր ― hełul, tʻapʻel, aṙnel ǰur ― to make water, to piss, to urine
    ջուր տալ ― ǰur tal ― to water, to sprinkle; to water, to give to drink to
    եռացուցանել զջուր ― eṙacʻucʻanel zǰur ― to warm, to boil water
    ջուր արկանել ձեռաց ուրուք ― ǰur arkanel jeṙacʻ urukʻ ― to pour water on a person's hands
    լաւ է ջուր հորի քան զգինի յոռի ― law ē ǰur hori kʻan zgini yoṙi ― pure water is better than bad wine
  2. (as an adjective) liquid, watery

Declension

o-type
singular plural
nominative ջուր (ǰur) ջուրք (ǰurkʻ)
genitive ջրոյ (ǰroy) ջրոց (ǰrocʻ)
dative ջրոյ (ǰroy) ջրոց (ǰrocʻ)
accusative ջուր (ǰur) ջուրս (ǰurs)
ablative ջրոյ (ǰroy) ջրոց (ǰrocʻ)
instrumental ջրով (ǰrov) ջրովք (ǰrovkʻ)
locative ջուր (ǰur) ջուրս (ǰurs)
instrumental singular ջուրբ (ǰurb), genitive plural ջուրց (ǰurcʻ) and instrumental plural ջուրբք (ǰurbkʻ) are also attested.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Armenian: ջուր (ǰur)

References

  1. ^ Müller, Friedrich (1892) “Pahlawi und armenische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 6, pages 267–268
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎[1] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 114, 159
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 50
  4. ^ Meillet, Antoine (1903) Esquisse d’une grammaire comparée de l’arménien classique (in French), Vienna: Imprimerie des PP. Mékhitharistes, page 29
  5. ^ Meillet, Antoine (1920) “Les noms du ‘feu’ et de l’‘eau’ et la question du genre”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 21, page 251
  6. ^ Meillet, Antoine (1922) “De quelques y initiaux devant u- en indo-européen”, in Bulletin de la Société de linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 23, page 76
  7. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “ջուր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 134–136
  8. ^ Solta, G. R. (1960) Die Stellung des Armenischen im Kreise der indogermanischen Sprachen (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 9)‎[2] (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 320–322
  9. ^ Template:R:xcl:Olsen:2017
  10. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian‎[3], Zagreb, page 14
  11. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 636b
  12. ^ Müller, Friedrich (1877) “Armeniaca V”, in Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Classe (in German), volume 88, number 1, page 12
  13. ^ Jaba, Auguste, Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 256a
  14. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 487

Further reading

  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ջուր”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ջուր”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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