jūra

See also: jura, Jura, jurá, jūrā, and jūrą

Latvian

FWOTD – 8 December 2013

Jūra

Alternative forms

• (obsolete spelling) jūŗa

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *jáuˀrāˀ ~ *jū́ˀrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-, *ūr- with an added initial y, from *aw-, *awe- (“to wet, to moisten, to flow”) with a suffix -r. The initial *y may result from metathesis in *awer- (> *h₂wer-, *eur-), or from the influence of some other Proto-Indo-European root like *(e)rey-, *(e)rew- (“to flow”) (metathesized into *ewr-). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) The original meaning was thus “wet, swampy place” (cf. Lithuanian jáuris (“swamp”) < Proto-Baltic *jaur-), whence “lake” (still attested in old folk tales, and also in borrowings into Finnic: Livonian jõra, Estonian järv, Finnish järvi, Sami jaura, jawre, jávri) and finally “sea.” Cognates include Lithuanian jū́ra, dialectal jūrė, plural jū́ros, jū́rios, jū́rės (cf. Latvian dialectal jūre, jūris, plural jūres), Old Prussian iūrin, *jūren, *jūrʲai, Armenian ջուր (ǰur, “water”), Albanian hurdë (“deep place; pond; swamp”); without the initial *y, also Old Norse úr (“drizzle”), ýra (“to drizzle”), Latin ūrīnō (“to dive, to plunge into water”), ūrīna (“urine”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈjūːɾa]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

jũra f (4th declension)

1. (geography) sea (large body of salty water)

   Baltijas jūra ― Baltic Sea

   Melnā jūra ― Black Sea

   jūras krasts, ūdens, vējš ― sea coast, water, wind

   peldēt jūrā ― to swim in the sea

   jūras slimība ― sea sickness

   iziet jūrā ― to go on sea, to sail, to set off

   virs, zem jūrās līmeņa ― above, below sea level

2. (astronomy) sea (dark areas on the surface of the Moon or other natural satellites)

   mēness jūra ― moon mare

3. (figuratively) very large quantity or amount (of something)

   ziedu jūra ― sea of flowers

   liesmu jūra ― sea of flames

Declension

Declension of jūra (4th)

	singular	plural
nominative	jūra	jūras
genitive	jūras	jūru
dative	jūrai	jūrām
accusative	jūru	jūras
instrumental	jūru	jūrām
locative	jūrā	jūrās
vocative	jūra	jūras

Derived terms

• jūras lauva
• jūrnieks, jūrniece

See also

• ezers
• okeāns

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *jáuˀrāˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [¹ˈju̟ːrɐ]
• Rhymes: -u̟ːrɐ
• Syllabification: jū́‧ra

Noun

jū́ra f (plural jū́ros) stress pattern 1

1. sea

Declension

Declension of jū́ra

	singular	plural
nominative	jū́ra	jū́ros
genitive	jū́ros	jū́rų
dative	jū́rai	jū́roms
accusative	jū́rą	jū́ras
instrumental	jū́ra	jū́romis
locative	jū́roje	jū́rose
vocative	jū́ra	jū́ros

See also

• mãrios f

Samogitian

Noun

jūra f (plural jūras)

1. sea