ابتداء

Arabic

Root
ب د ء (b d ʔ)
7 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ib.ti.daːʔ/

Noun

اِبْتِدَاء • (ibtidāʔ) m

1. verbal noun of اِبْتَدَأَ (ibtadaʔa) (form VIII)
2. beginning
3. (grammar) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   Synonym: اِسْتِئْنَاف (istiʔnāf)

   وَاوُ ٱلٱِبْتِدَاءِ ― wāwu l-ibtidāʔi ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Declension

Declension of noun اِبْتِدَاء (ibtidāʔ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	اِبْتِدَاء ibtidāʔ	الِابْتِدَاء al-ibtidāʔ	اِبْتِدَاء ibtidāʔ
Nominative	اِبْتِدَاءٌ ibtidāʔun	الِابْتِدَاءُ al-ibtidāʔu	اِبْتِدَاءُ ibtidāʔu
Accusative	اِبْتِدَاءً ibtidāʔan	الِابْتِدَاءَ al-ibtidāʔa	اِبْتِدَاءَ ibtidāʔa
Genitive	اِبْتِدَاءٍ ibtidāʔin	الِابْتِدَاءِ al-ibtidāʔi	اِبْتِدَاءِ ibtidāʔi

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: ibtida
• → Ottoman Turkish: ابتدا (ibtida)
  • Turkish: iptida
• → Classical Persian: اِبْتِدَا (ibtidā), اِبْتِدَاء (ibtidā')
  • Tajik: ибтидо (ibtido)
  • → Bengali: ইবতিদা (ibtida)
  • → Hindustani:
    • Hindi: इब्तिदा (ibtidā)
    • Urdu: ابتدا (ibtida)
  • → Punjabi:
    • Gurmukhi script: ਇਬਤਦਾ (ibatdā)
    • Shahmukhi script: ابتدا
• → Uzbek: ibtido

Persian

Alternative forms

• ابتدا (ebtedâ) (unhamzated)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِبْتِدَاء (ibtidāʔ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔiβ.ti.ˈðɑːʔ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪb.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑ́ːʔ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪb.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑ́ːʔ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪb.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑ́ː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔib.t̪ʰi.d̪ɔ́ː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔeb.t̪ʰe.d̪ɒ́ːʔ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔib.t̪ʰi.d̪ɔ́ʔ]

Readings
Classical reading?	iḇtiḏā'
Dari reading?	ibtidā'
Iranian reading?	ebtedâ'
Tajik reading?	ibtidoʾ

Noun

Dari	ابتداء
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ибтидо

ابتداء • (ebtedâ') (plural ابتداها)

1. beginning

   Synonym: آغاز (âğâz)

   Antonym: انتهاء (entehâ)

Inflection

Basic forms of ابتداء (ebtedâ)
	singular	plural
bare	ابتداء (ebtedấ)	ابتداءها (ebtedâ-hấ)
definitive direct object	ابتداء را (ebtedấ râ) ابتداء رو △ (ebtedấ ro)	ابتداءها را (ebtedâ-hấ râ) ابتداءها رو △ (ebtedâ-hấ ro)
ezâfe	ابتداءی (ebtedấ-ye)	ابتداءهای (ebtedâ-hấ-ye)
marked indefinite or relative definite	ابتداءیی (ebtedấ-i)	ابتداءهایی (ebtedâ-hấ-i)
△ Colloquial.

Possessive forms of ابتداء (ebtedâ)
	singular	plural
1st person singular (“my”)	ابتداءیم (ebtedấyam) ابتداءم △ (ebtedấm)	ابتداءهایم (ebtedâ-hấyam) ابتداءهام △ (ebtedâ-hấm)
2nd person singular (“your”)	ابتداءیت (ebtedấyat) ابتداءت △ (ebtedất)	ابتداءهایت (ebtedâ-hấyat) ابتداءهات △ (ebtedâ-hất)
3rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	ابتداءیش (ebtedấyaš) ابتداءش △ (ebtedấš)	ابتداءهایش (ebtedâ-hấyaš) ابتداءهاش △ (ebtedâ-hấš)
1st plural (“our”)	ابتداءیمان (ebtedấyemân) ابتداءمون △ (ebtedấmun)	ابتداءهایمان (ebtedâ-hấyemân) ابتداءهامون △ (ebtedâ-hấmun)
2nd plural (“your”)	ابتداءیتان (ebtedấyetân) ابتداءتون △ (ebtedấtun)	ابتداءهایتان (ebtedâ-hấyetân) ابتداءهاتون △ (ebtedâ-hấtun)
3rd plural (“their”)	ابتداءیشان (ebtedấyešân) ابتداءشون △ (ebtedấšun)	ابتداءهایشان (ebtedâ-hấyešân) ابتداءهاشون △ (ebtedâ-hấšun)
△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

• ابتدا کردن (ebtedâ kardan)
• ابتداءً (ebtedâ'an, “in the beginning”)

 

Adverb

ابتداء • (ebtedâ')

1. firstly, first

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “ابتداء”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “ابتداء”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul