ابتداء

Arabic

Root
ب د ء (b d ʔ)
8 terms

Etymology

Verbal noun of اِبْتَدَأَ (ibtadaʔa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ib.ti.daːʔ/
• Rhymes: -aːʔ

Noun

اِبْتِدَاء • (ibtidāʔ) m

1. verbal noun of اِبْتَدَأَ (ibtadaʔa) (form VIII)
2. beginning
3. (grammar) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   Synonym: اِسْتِئْنَاف (istiʔnāf)

   وَاوُ ٱلٱِبْتِدَاءِ

   wāwu l-ibtidāʔi

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Declension

Declension of noun اِبْتِدَاء (ibtidāʔ)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	اِبْتِدَاء ibtidāʔ	الِابْتِدَاء al-ibtidāʔ	اِبْتِدَاء ibtidāʔ
nominative	اِبْتِدَاءٌ ibtidāʔun	الِابْتِدَاءُ al-ibtidāʔu	اِبْتِدَاءُ ibtidāʔu
accusative	اِبْتِدَاءً ibtidāʔan	الِابْتِدَاءَ al-ibtidāʔa	اِبْتِدَاءَ ibtidāʔa
genitive	اِبْتِدَاءٍ ibtidāʔin	الِابْتِدَاءِ al-ibtidāʔi	اِبْتِدَاءِ ibtidāʔi

Descendants

• → Classical Persian: اِبْتِدَاء (ibtidā'), ابتدا (ebtedâ) (unhamzated)
  • Tajik: ибтидо (ibtido)
  • → Bengali: ইবতিদা (ibtida)
  • → Chagatai: ابتدا (ʾbtdā /⁠ibtidā⁠/)
    • Uyghur: ئىپتىدا (iptida)
    • Uzbek: ibtido
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: इब्तिदा (ibtidā)

    Urdu: ابتدا (ibtida)

  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਇਬਤਦਾ (ibatdā)

    Shahmukhi script: ابتدا

• → Old Anatolian Turkish: اِبْتِدَا (ibtidā)
  • Azerbaijani: ibtida
  • Ottoman Turkish: ابتدا (ibtida), ابتداء (ibtidâ'), իպթիտա (ibtida) — Armeno-Turkish
    • Turkish: iptida

Persian

Alternative forms

• ابتدا (ebtedâ) (unhamzated)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِبْتِدَاء (ibtidāʔ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔib.ti.ˈdaːʔ/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪb.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑ́ːʔ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪb.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑ́ːʔ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪb.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑ́ː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔib.t̪ʰi.d̪ɔ́ː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔeb.t̪ʰe.d̪ɒ́ːʔ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔib.t̪ʰi.d̪ɔ́ʔ]

• Rhymes: -aːʔ

Readings
Classical reading?	ibtidā'
Dari reading?	ibtidā'
Iranian reading?	ebtedâ'
Tajik reading?	ibtido'

Noun

Dari	ابتداء
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ибтидо

ابتداء • (ebtedâ') (plural ابتداها)

1. beginning

   Synonym: آغاز (âġâz)

   Antonym: انتهاء (entehâ)

Inflection

Basic forms of ابتداء

	singular	plural
bare	ابتداء (ebtedấ)	ابتداءها (ebtedâ-hấ)
definitive direct object	ابتداء را، ابتداء رو△ (ebtedấ râ, ebtedấ ro△)	ابتداءها را، ابتداءها رو△ (ebtedâ-hấ râ, ebtedâ-hấ ro△)
ezâfe	ابتداءی (ebtedấ-ye)	ابتداءهای (ebtedâ-hấ-ye)
marked indefinite or relative definite	ابتداءیی (ebtedấ-i)	ابتداءهایی (ebtedâ-hấ-i)

^△ Colloquial.

Possessive forms of ابتداء

	singular	plural
1st person singular (“my”)	ابتداءیم، ابتداءم△ (ebtedấyam, ebtedấm△)	ابتداءهایم، ابتداءهام△ (ebtedâ-hấyam, ebtedâ-hấm△)
2nd person singular (“your”)	ابتداءیت، ابتداءت△ (ebtedấyat, ebtedất△)	ابتداءهایت، ابتداءهات△ (ebtedâ-hấyat, ebtedâ-hất△)
3rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	ابتداءیش، ابتداءش△ (ebtedấyaš, ebtedấš△)	ابتداءهایش، ابتداءهاش△ (ebtedâ-hấyaš, ebtedâ-hấš△)
1st person plural (“our”)	ابتداءیمان، ابتداءمون△ (ebtedấyemân, ebtedấmun△)	ابتداءهایمان، ابتداءهامون△ (ebtedâ-hấyemân, ebtedâ-hấmun△)
2nd person plural (“your”)	ابتداءیتان، ابتداءتون△ (ebtedấyetân, ebtedấtun△)	ابتداءهایتان، ابتداءهاتون△ (ebtedâ-hấyetân, ebtedâ-hấtun△)
3rd person plural (“their”)	ابتداءیشان، ابتداءشون△ (ebtedấyešân, ebtedấšun△)	ابتداءهایشان، ابتداءهاشون△ (ebtedâ-hấyešân, ebtedâ-hấšun△)

^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

• ابتدا کردن (ebtedâ kardan)
• ابتداءً (ebtedâ'an, “in the beginning”)

Descendants

• Tajik: ибтидо (ibtido)
• → Bengali: ইবতিদা (ibtida)
• → Chagatai: ابتدا (ʾbtdā /⁠ibtidā⁠/)
  • Uyghur: ئىپتىدا (iptida)
  • Uzbek: ibtido
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: इब्तिदा (ibtidā)

  Urdu: ابتدا (ibtida)

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਇਬਤਦਾ (ibatdā)

  Shahmukhi script: ابتدا

Adverb

ابتداء • (ebtedâ')

1. firstly, first

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “ابتداء”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “ابتداء”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary (overall work in English), London: Routledge & K. Paul