خندريس

Arabic

Alternative forms

• خَنْدَرُوس (ḵandarūs)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek χόνδρος (khóndros).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xan.da.riːs/

Noun

خَنْدَرِيس • (ḵandarīs) m (plural خَنَادِر (ḵanādir)) (obsolete)

1. spelt, dinkel wheat

   Synonym: عَلَس (ʕalas)

   • 1025, ابن سينا [Avicenna], القانون في الطب [Canon Medicinae]:

     خندروس‏.‏
     الماهية‏:‏ هو الحنطة الرومية‏.‏
     الطبع‏:‏ غذاؤه أبرد من غذاء الحنطة وأقل وهو مع ذلك جيد كثير قوي غليظ‏.‏

     Spelt:
     What it is: It is Byzantine wheat.
     The character: Its food is cooler than wheat food and lesser and with that it is good, full, vigorous, thick.

2. groats, gruel
3. old wine
   • 900s, al-Mutanabbī, ألذ من المدام الخندريس:

     أَلَذَّ مِنَ المُدامِ الخَنْدَرِيسِ وَأَحْلَى مِنْ مُعَاطَاةِ الْكُؤُوسِ

     ʔalaḏḏa mina l-mudāmi l-ḵandarīsi waʔaḥlā min muʕāṭāti l-kuʔūsi

     And they rejoiced on old wine and delighted themselves in sharing the beakers.

Declension

Declension of noun خَنْدَرِيس (ḵandarīs)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَنْدَرِيس ḵandarīs	الْخَنْدَرِيس al-ḵandarīs	خَنْدَرِيس ḵandarīs
Nominative	خَنْدَرِيسٌ ḵandarīsun	الْخَنْدَرِيسُ al-ḵandarīsu	خَنْدَرِيسُ ḵandarīsu
Accusative	خَنْدَرِيسًا ḵandarīsan	الْخَنْدَرِيسَ al-ḵandarīsa	خَنْدَرِيسَ ḵandarīsa
Genitive	خَنْدَرِيسٍ ḵandarīsin	الْخَنْدَرِيسِ al-ḵandarīsi	خَنْدَرِيسِ ḵandarīsi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَنْدَرِيسَيْن ḵandarīsayn	الْخَنْدَرِيسَيْن al-ḵandarīsayn	خَنْدَرِيسَيْ ḵandarīsay
Nominative	خَنْدَرِيسَانِ ḵandarīsāni	الْخَنْدَرِيسَانِ al-ḵandarīsāni	خَنْدَرِيسَا ḵandarīsā
Accusative	خَنْدَرِيسَيْنِ ḵandarīsayni	الْخَنْدَرِيسَيْنِ al-ḵandarīsayni	خَنْدَرِيسَيْ ḵandarīsay
Genitive	خَنْدَرِيسَيْنِ ḵandarīsayni	الْخَنْدَرِيسَيْنِ al-ḵandarīsayni	خَنْدَرِيسَيْ ḵandarīsay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَنَادِر ḵanādir	الْخَنَادِر al-ḵanādir	خَنَادِر ḵanādir
Nominative	خَنَادِرُ ḵanādiru	الْخَنَادِرُ al-ḵanādiru	خَنَادِرُ ḵanādiru
Accusative	خَنَادِرَ ḵanādira	الْخَنَادِرَ al-ḵanādira	خَنَادِرَ ḵanādira
Genitive	خَنَادِرَ ḵanādira	الْخَنَادِرِ al-ḵanādiri	خَنَادِرِ ḵanādiri

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “خندريس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 407
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 163–164
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “خندريس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 530
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “خندريس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 815
• Leclerc, Lucian (1862) “Études historiques et philologiques sur Ebn-Beïthâr”, in Journal asiatique‎^[4] (in French), volume 19 of the 5th series, page 446
• Maraqten, Mohammed (1993) “Wine Drinking and Wine Prohibition in Arabia before Islam”, in Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, volume 23, page 102
• Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “خندريس”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎^[5] (in German), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 627