زغال

Khalaj

Noun

زُغال (zuğâl) (definite accusative زُغالؽ, plural زُغاللار)

1. Arabic spelling of zuğâl (“coal”)

Declension

Declension of زغال

	singular	plural
nominative	زغال	زغاللار
genitive	زغالؽݧ	زغاللارؽݧ
dative	زغالقا	زغاللارقا
definite accusative	زغالؽ	زغاللارؽ
locative	زغالچا	زغاللارچا
ablative	زغالدا	زغاللاردا
instrumental	زغاللا	زغاللارلا
equative	زغالواره	زغاللارواره

Persian

Alternative forms

• زگال (zogâl), ژگال (žogâl), ذغال (zoġâl), سکار (sekâr), سگار (segâr), زکار (zekâr), زکال (zakâl)

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *jar-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ar-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Compare Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”), Irish gual (“coal”).(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /zu.ˈɣaːl/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zʊ.ˈɣɑːl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zʊ.ˈɣɑːl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [zʊ.ˈɣɑːl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [zu.ˈɣɔːl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [zo.ˈɢɒːl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [zu.ˈʁɔl]

Readings
Classical reading?	zuġāl
Dari reading?	zuġāl
Iranian reading?	zoġâl
Tajik reading?	zuġol

Noun

Dari	زغال
Iranian Persian
Tajik	зуғол

زغال • (zoġâl) (plural زغال‌ها)

1. coal

   زغال قلیان را سریع روشن کردیم.

   zoġâl-e qalyân râ sari' rowšan kardim.

   We quickly lit the coal for the hookah.

2. charcoal
3. (literary or poetic) black, dark
4. dogwood, cornel

   Synonym: قرانیا (qarâniyâ)

Derived terms

• زغال اخته (zoġâl axte)
• زغال‌سنگ (zoġâl-sang)

Descendants

• → Arabic: زُوقَال (zūqāl)
• → Azerbaijani: zoğal
  • → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܙܘܓܠ f (zoġal)
• → Khalaj: zuğâl
• → Northern Kurdish: zuẍal
• → Middle Armenian: զողալ (zoġal), զղալ (zġal)
  • Armenian: զողալ (zoġal), զուղալ (zuġal)
• →? Middle Armenian: զկեռ (zkeṙ)
• → Ottoman Turkish: زغال (zuğal)
  • Turkish: zağal; zanğal, zaval; zavrak; zoğal; zonğal; zoval; zuğal; zuhal; zuval
• → Udi: зокъал (zoq̇al)

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973), “զողալ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 104a
• Nourai, Ali (2011), An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 104
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “زغال”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul