Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kulą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *ǵulHom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥H-o-m, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Related to Old Irish gúal (“charcoal, coal”), Sanskrit ज्वलति (jválati, “to burn”), Lithuanian žvi̇̀lti (“to shine”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈku.lɑ̃/

Noun

*kulą n

1. coal

Inflection

Declension of *kulą (neuter a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*kulą	*kulō
vocative	*kulą	*kulō
accusative	*kulą	*kulō
genitive	*kulas, *kulis	*kulǫ̂
dative	*kulai	*kulamaz
instrumental	*kulō	*kulamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kol
  • Old English: col
    • Middle English: col, cole
      • English: coal
      • Scots: col, coll
  • Old Frisian: kole
    • Saterland Frisian: Cole, Koole
    • West Frisian: koal
  • Old Saxon: *kol
    • Middle Low German: kole
      • German Low German: Kahl, Kaal
      • Plautdietsch: Kol
  • Old Dutch: *kol
    • Middle Dutch: kole
      • Dutch: kool
        • Afrikaans: kool
        • Jersey Dutch: kôl
        • Negerhollands: kool
        • → Caribbean Hindustani: koro
        • →⇒ Hokkien: 高麗菜 / 高丽菜
          • → Chinese: 高麗菜 / 高丽菜
        • → Indonesian: kol
        • → Mahican: gónan
        • → Papiamentu: kolo
        • → Sranan Tongo: kolo
        • → Teochew: 高麗 / 高丽 (go¹ lê⁶)
      • Limburgish: kaol
  • Old High German: kol
    • Middle High German: kol
      • Cimbrian: kholl
      • German: Kohle
      • Luxembourgish: Kuel
      • Vilamovian: köła
      • Yiddish: קויל (koyl)
• Old Norse: kol, kul
  • Icelandic: kol
  • Faroese: kol
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kol
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: kol
  • Jamtish: kuł
  • Old Swedish: kol, kul
    • Swedish: kol
  • Danish: kul
    • Norwegian Bokmål: kull