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kul

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "kul"
Languages (17)
Translingual
Albanian • Cornish • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Icelandic • Karaim • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Polish • Serbo-Croatian • Sumerian • Swedish • Tocharian B • Turkish • Yucatec Maya
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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kul

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Kulere.

See also

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Albanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Albanian * ̊kull-, from Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (“to revolve, twist”). Occurs almost exclusively in prefixed form with për-. Probably related to ul.

Verb

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kul (aorist (për)kula, participle (për)kulur)

  1. to bend, crouch, bow

Derived terms

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Cornish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Cornish cul, from Proto-Brythonic *kʉl, from Proto-Celtic *koilos (“thin”) (compare Old Irish coíl, Welsh cul).

Adjective

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kul

  1. narrow
    Synonym: ynn
    Antonyms: efan, ledan
Derived terms
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Mutation

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Mutation of kul
unmutated soft aspirate hard mixed mixed after 'th
kul gul hul unchanged unchanged unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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kul

  1. Hard mutation of gul (“to do, make”).

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Participle

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kul

  1. masculine singular past active participle of kout

Danish

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą, cognate with Swedish kol, German Kohle, Dutch kool, English coal.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kul n (singular definite kullet, plural indefinite kul)

  1. coal
Declension
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Declension of kul
neuter
gender 		singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kul kullet kul kullene
genitive kuls kullets kuls kullenes
Derived terms
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References

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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kuːˀl/, [ˈkʰuˀl]

Verb

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kul

  1. imperative of kule

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kʏl/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʏl

Etymology 1

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From Middle Dutch cul, kul (“testicle”), from Old French coille, from Latin cōleus (“testicle”).

Noun

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kul f (plural kullen, diminutive kulletje n)

  1. (obsolete) testicle
  2. (dialectal) marble (small ball used in various games)
  3. (obsolete) loser, wuss, wimp
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Clipping of flauwekul, a univerbation of the adjective flauw (“insipid, tasteless”) and the noun kul (“testicle”).

Noun

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kul m (uncountable)

  1. nonsense, rubbish
Derived terms
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Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kul n (genitive singular kuls, no plural)

  1. (light) breeze
    Synonym: gola

Declension

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Declension of kul (sg-only neuter)
singular
indefinite definite
nominative kul kulið
accusative kul kulið
dative kuli kulinu
genitive kuls kulsins

Karaim

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *kul.

Noun

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kul

  1. slave

References

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  • N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “kul”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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Related to the noun kule

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kul m (definite singular kulen, indefinite plural kuler, definite plural kulene)

  1. bump, swelling (in the head or on a level surface)

Etymology 2

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From Swedish kul, with meaning influenced by English cool.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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kul (masculine and feminine kul, neuter kult, definite singular and plural kule, comparative kulere, indefinite superlative kulest, definite superlative kuleste)

  1. cool (awesome)

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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kul

  1. imperative of kule

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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Related to the noun kule

Noun

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kul m (definite singular kulen, indefinite plural kular, definite plural kulane)

  1. bump, swelling (in the head or on a level surface)

Etymology 2

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From Swedish kul, with meaning influenced by English cool.

Adjective

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kul (neuter kult, definite singular and plural kule, comparative kulare, indefinite superlative kulast, definite superlative kulaste)

  1. cool (awesome)

Etymology 3

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Verb

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kul

  1. imperative of kule

References

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Polish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kul f

  1. genitive plural of kula
    Synonym: kuli

Verb

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kul

  1. second-person singular imperative of kulić

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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From English cool.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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kȗl (Cyrillic spelling ку̑л)

  1. cool: popular, great, in fashion
    Taj frajer je zbilja kul! — That dude is really cool!

Adverb

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kȗl (Cyrillic spelling ку̑л)

  1. cool, in a cool manner

Sumerian

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Romanization

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kul

  1. Romanization of 𒆰 (kul)

Swedish

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Etymology

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Of unclear origin. Perhaps a clipping from an earlier kulan, from kula. First seen in 1911.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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kul (comparative mer kul, superlative mest kul)

  1. fun
    Det är kul att åka skateboard
    It's fun to ride a skateboard
  2. funny
    Vill du höra ett kul skämt?
    Want to hear a funny joke?
  3. (nominalized) fun things
    Det finns mycket kul att göra på stadsfestivalen
    There are lots of fun things to do at the city festival

Declension

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No inflected forms. Sometimes kulig is used colloquially when inflected forms are needed.

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See also

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References

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Tocharian B

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Etymology

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Unknown.

Noun

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kul ?

  1. bell

Further reading

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  • Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kul”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 196

Turkish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قول (kul, “male slave, servant”), from Old Anatolian Turkish قل (qul), from Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”).[1] Cognate to Old Turkic 𐰴𐰆𐰞 (qul, “slave”), Karakhanid قُلْ (qul, “slave”), Kazakh құл (qūl), Khakas хул (xul).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kul (definite accusative kulu, plural kullar)

  1. slave (sense as a noun mostly archaic, except "kul köle" and similar idioms - even figuratively, where "köle" is commoner. An exception is the verb form "kulluk yapmak, "to serve" in pejorative sense)
  2. servant
  3. position of man according to God (No equivalent, even in "servant" of the lord this sense is preserved. In this context "mortal" sense in vernacular is understood, versus an "immortal god")

Declension

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Declension of kul
singular plural
nominative kul kullar
definite accusative kulu kulları
dative kula kullara
locative kulda kullarda
ablative kuldan kullardan
genitive kulun kulların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular plural
1st singular kulum kullarım
2nd singular kulun kulların
3rd singular kulu kulları
1st plural kulumuz kullarımız
2nd plural kulunuz kullarınız
3rd plural kulları kulları
definite accusative
singular plural
1st singular kulumu kullarımı
2nd singular kulunu kullarını
3rd singular kulunu kullarını
1st plural kulumuzu kullarımızı
2nd plural kulunuzu kullarınızı
3rd plural kullarını kullarını
dative
singular plural
1st singular kuluma kullarıma
2nd singular kuluna kullarına
3rd singular kuluna kullarına
1st plural kulumuza kullarımıza
2nd plural kulunuza kullarınıza
3rd plural kullarına kullarına
locative
singular plural
1st singular kulumda kullarımda
2nd singular kulunda kullarında
3rd singular kulunda kullarında
1st plural kulumuzda kullarımızda
2nd plural kulunuzda kullarınızda
3rd plural kullarında kullarında
ablative
singular plural
1st singular kulumdan kullarımdan
2nd singular kulundan kullarından
3rd singular kulundan kullarından
1st plural kulumuzdan kullarımızdan
2nd plural kulunuzdan kullarınızdan
3rd plural kullarından kullarından
genitive
singular plural
1st singular kulumun kullarımın
2nd singular kulunun kullarının
3rd singular kulunun kullarının
1st plural kulumuzun kullarımızın
2nd plural kulunuzun kullarınızın
3rd plural kullarının kullarının
Predicative forms
singular plural
1st singular kulum kullarım
2nd singular kulsun kullarsın
3rd singular kul
kuldur 		kullar
kullardır
1st plural kuluz kullarız
2nd plural kulsunuz kullarsınız
3rd plural kullar kullardır
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kul”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Further reading

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Yucatec Maya

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Verb

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kul (positional)

  1. to sit
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