ul

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ul"

Translingual

Etymology

From u- (“micro-”) +‎ l (“litre”).

Symbol

ul

2. (metrology, informal, proscribed) Alternative form of µl.

English

Contraction

ul

1. Alternative form of ull

Noun

ul (plural uls)

1. (computing) Alternative form of UL (“upload”).

Verb

ul (third-person singular simple present uls, present participle uling, simple past and past participle uled)

1. (computing) Alternative form of UL (“upload”).

Anagrams

• LU, Lu, Lù, Lú, Lü, lu

Akkadian

Etymology

Probably from 𒅇 (u) + 𒆷𒀀 (lā), thus corresponding to Biblical Hebrew וְלֹא (wə-loʔ). Compare also Biblical Hebrew אַל (ʔal).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ul/

Particle

ul

1. (negation) not (in main clauses)

   𒀀𒅗𒀠 𒀀𒇷𒅎 𒌑𒌌 𒉌𒄷𒊻

   [akal ālim ul nīḫuz]

   a-ka-al a-li-im u₂-ul ni-ḫu-uz

   We did not take the food of the town.

Alternative forms

• ula (Old Akkadian, Old Assyrian, Old Babylonian)

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic
𒉡 (NU)	𒌑𒌌 (u₂-ul)

References

• “ul”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[2], Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011

Albanian

Alternative forms

• unj

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *wala, from *wol-o-, o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“press together”) (compare Lithuanian valýti (“to clean”), Ancient Greek εἰλέω (eiléō, “press together”)). Variant unj is from *ulnj, from Proto-Albanian *walnja, a causative of the previous.

Verb

ul (aorist ula, participle ulur)

1. to sit down, put (someone/something) on a seat (or on the ground)

   Ulem.

   I'm sitting down (I'm taking a seat).

   (mediopassive)

2. to lower, put down

   Ilir, uli krahët.

   Ilir, put your arms down.

3. to bend, tilt down
4. to seat; land an airplane
5. to decrease, reduce, diminish
6. to close

   uli sytë

   close your eyes

7. to pull down (a skirt or shirt, clothes in general)
8. (figurative) to demote; degrade, debase

Conjugation

Standard Albanian conjugation of ul (active voice)

• Show compound tenses:  

		participle		ulur
		gerund		duke ulur
		infinitive		për të ulur
singular			plural
1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.	1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.
indicative	present	ul	ul	ul	ulim	ulni	ulin
	imperfect	ulja	ulje	ulte	ulnim	ulnit	ulnin
	aorist	ula	ule	uli	ulëm	ulët	ulën
perfect	kam ulur	ke ulur	ka ulur	kemi ulur	keni ulur	kanë ulur
past perfect	kisha ulur	kishe ulur	kishte ulur	kishim ulur	kishit ulur	kishin ulur
aorist II	pata ulur	pate ulur	pati ulur	patëm ulur	patët ulur	patën ulur
future1	do të ul	do të ulësh	do të ulë	do të ulim	do të ulni	do të ulin
future perfect2	do të kem ulur	do të kesh ulur	do të ketë ulur	do të kemi ulur	do të keni ulur	do të kenë ulur
subjunctive	present	të ul	të ulësh	të ulë	të ulim	të ulni	të ulin
imperfect	të ulja	të ulje	të ulte	të ulnim	të ulnit	të ulnin
perfect	të kem ulur	të kesh ulur	të ketë ulur	të kemi ulur	të keni ulur	të kenë ulur
past perfect	të kisha ulur	të kishe ulur	të kishte ulur	të kishim ulur	të kishit ulur	të kishin ulur
conditional1, 2	imperfect	do të ulja	do të ulje	do të ulte	do të ulnim	do të ulnit	do të ulnin
	past perfect	do të kisha ulur	do të kishe ulur	do të kishte ulur	do të kishim ulur	do të kishit ulur	do të kishin ulur
optative	present	ulsha	ulsh	ultë	ulshim	ulshi	ulshin
perfect	paça ulur	paç ulur	pastë ulur	paçim ulur	paçit ulur	paçin ulur
admirative	present	ulkam	ulke	ulka	ulkemi	ulkeni	ulkan
	imperfect	ulkësha	ulkëshe	ulkësh	ulkëshim	ulkëshit	ulkëshin
perfect	paskam ulur	paske ulur	paska ulur	paskemi ulur	paskeni ulur	paskan ulur
past perfect	paskësha ulur	paskëshe ulur	paskësh ulur	paskëshim ulur	paskëshit ulur	paskëshin ulur
imperative	present	—	ul	—	—	ulni	—
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

Standard Albanian conjugation of ul (mediopassive conjugation)

• Show compound tenses:  

		participle		ulur
		gerund		duke u ulur
		infinitive		për t'u ulur
singular			plural
1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.	1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.
indicative	present	ulem	ulesh	ulet	ulemi	uleni	ulen
	imperfect	ulesha	uleshe	ulesh (ulej)	uleshim	uleshit	uleshin
	aorist	u ula	u ule	u ul	u ulëm	u ulët	u ulën
perfect	jam ulur	je ulur	është ulur	jemi ulur	jeni ulur	janë ulur
past perfect	isha ulur	ishe ulur	ishte ulur	ishim ulur	ishit ulur	ishin ulur
aorist II	qeshë ulur	qe ulur	qe ulur	qemë ulur	qetë ulur	qenë ulur
future1	do të ulem	do të ulesh	do të ulet	do të ulemi	do të uleni	do të ulen
future perfect2	do të jem ulur	do të jesh ulur	do të jetë ulur	do të jemi ulur	do të jeni ulur	do të jenë ulur
subjunctive	present	të ulem	të ulesh	të ulet	të ulemi	të uleni	të ulen
imperfect	të ulesha	të uleshe	të ulesh (ulej)	të uleshim	të uleshit	të uleshin
perfect	të jem ulur	të jesh ulur	të jetë ulur	të jemi ulur	të jeni ulur	të jenë ulur
past perfect	të isha ulur	të ishe ulur	të ishte ulur	të ishim ulur	të ishit ulur	të ishin ulur
conditional1, 2	imperfect	do të ulesha	do të uleshe	do të ulesh (ulej)	do të uleshim	do të uleshit	do të uleshin
	past perfect	do të isha ulur	do të ishe ulur	do të ishte ulur	do të ishim ulur	do të ishit ulur	do të ishin ulur
optative	present	u ulsha	u ulsh	u ultë	u ulshim	u ulshi	u ulshin
perfect	qofsha ulur	qofsh ulur	qoftë ulur	qofshim ulur	qofshit ulur	qofshin ulur
admirative	present	u ulkam	u ulke	u ulka	u ulkemi	u ulkeni	u ulkan
	imperfect	u ulkësha	u ulkëshe	u ulkësh (ulkej)	u ulkëshim	u ulkëshit	u ulkëshin
perfect	qenkam ulur	qenke ulur	qenka ulur	qenkemi ulur	qenkeni ulur	qenkan ulur
past perfect	qenkësha ulur	qenkëshe ulur	qenkësh ulur	qenkëshim ulur	qenkëshit ulur	qenkëshin ulur
imperative	present	—	ulu	—	—	uluni	—
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

Synonyms

• lëshoj
• poshtëroj

Antonyms

• ngrihem, ngre
• çohem, çoj
• ngjitem
• ngrihem
• rritet, rris, rrit

Derived terms

• ulët
• ulur (participle)
• ulem (mediopassive)
• përul

Related terms

• mbyll
• përkulem

Further reading

• [3] verb "ul" (engl.: lower, put down) • "Fjalor Shqip" (Albanian Dictionary)

Angguruk Yali

Noun

ul

1. ash

References

• Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 156

Breton

Article

ul

1. a/an

See also

• un
• ur

Kabyle

Map of the pronunciation of the word ul

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Berber *ulβ, from Proto-Afroasiatic *lib- (“heart”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ul/
  • (Greater Kabylia, Lesser Kabylia) IPA^(key): [ul], [ulʳ]
  • (Greater Kabylia) IPA^(key): [uj], [ulʲ]
  • (Lesser Kabylia) IPA^(key): [ud͡z]

Noun

ul m (plural ulawen)

1. (anatomy) heart
2. emotional center (affection, love, desire, hope, etc.)

Inflection

Inflection of ul

	singular	plural
free state	ul	ulawen
annexed state	wul	wulawen

References

• Association Culturelle Numidya (2025), “Amawal, dictionnaire kabyle-français en ligne”, in Amawal‎^[4], retrieved 2025
• Dallet, Jean-Marie (1982), Dictionnaire kabyle-français: parler des At Mangellat, Algérie (in French), Paris, France

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hullu. Cognates include Finnish hullu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈul/, [ˈulː]

Adjective

ul (comparative (ve’l) jo ul, superlative amā ul)

1. crazy, insane, mad
2. wild

Declension

Declension of ul (99)

	singular (ikšlu’g)	plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
nominative (nominatīv)	ul	ūlõd
genitive (genitīv)	ul	ūlõd
partitive (partitīv)	ullõ	ūlidi
dative (datīv)	ullõn	ūlõdõn
instrumental (instrumentāl)	ullõks	ūlõdõks
illative (illatīv)	ullõ	ūliž
inessive (inesīv)	ulsõ	ūlis
elative (elatīv)	ulstõ	ūlist

References

• Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “ul”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[5] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Probably related to hyl.

Noun

ul m (definite singular ulen, indefinite plural ular, definite plural ulane)

1. a howl

Etymology 2

Verb

ul

1. imperative of ula

Etymology 3

Adjective

ul (neuter ult, definite singular and plural ule, comparative ulare, indefinite superlative ulast, definite superlative ulaste)

1. half-rotten

Related terms

• ulna

Polish

Alternative forms

• uł (Middle Polish)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish ul, from Proto-Slavic *ulьjь.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈul/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈul/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ul
• Syllabification: ul

Noun

ul m inan (diminutive ulik, related adjective ulowy)

1. hive, beehive
   • 1992, Tadeusz Konwicki, Bohiń, Wrocław: Siedmioróg:

     W białej szacie, w kapeluszu z welonem okrywającym twarz, z dymnikiem w ręku, którym odstraszał pszczoły, chodził od ula do ula, podnosił daszki gontowe, zaglądał do środka i coś tam poprawiał w tym wnętrzu wypełnionym buczeniem rozdrażnionych pszczół.

     In a white robe, a hat with a veil covering his face, and with a bee smoker in his hand that he scared the bees off with, he went from hive to hive, lifting the shingle roofs, looking inside and adjusting something in that interior filled with the humming of irritated bees.

   • 1995, Jan Józef Szczepański, Polska jesień, Wrocław: Siedmioróg:

     Jednym skokiem znalazł się przy Kanterze i pociągnął go za sobą. Pobiegłem za nimi, zaciskając zęby. Maleńki ogródek, który jeszcze niedawno urągał grozie wojny jaskrawością georginii i astrów, był teraz smutnym, rozkopanym ugorem, śmietniskiem poprzewracanych i połamanych ulów, nad którymi rój rozwścieczonych owadów wirował brzęczącą chmarą w skwarze i dławiącej woni prochu.

     In a single leap, he was at Kanter's side and dragged him along. I ran after them, gritting my teeth. The tiny garden, which not long ago had defied the horrors of war with its daffodils and asters, was now a sad, dug-up wasteland, a dumping ground of overturned and broken beehives, over which a swarm of angry insects swirled in a buzzing cloud amidst the scorching heat and the choking smell of gunpowder.

   • 2007, Wiesław Myśliwski, Traktat o łuskaniu fasoli, Kraków: Społeczny Instytut Znak, →ISBN:

     Nie zaczynała jeszcze gryka kwitnąć, już wstawiał w nią ule. Chodziłem patrzeć, jak wybiera z tych uli miód.

     The buckwheat hadn't even begun to bloom yet, and he was already putting beehives in it. I would go and watch him extract honey from these hives.

2. (slang) prison

Declension

Declension of ul

	singular	plural
nominative	ul	ule
genitive	ula	uli/ulów
dative	ulowi	ulom
accusative	ul	ule
instrumental	ulem	ulami
locative	ulu	ulach
vocative	ulu	ule

Derived terms

adjctives

• ulowaty

nouns

• ulica
• ulownica

References

• Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎^[6], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 257: “ul”

Further reading

• ul in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• ul in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• “*UL”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.11.2018
• Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “ul”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna

Somali

Etymology

From earlier *ʔuló or ʔulé. Cognate with Maay ul, Jiiddu olé, Oromo ulee, Afar ilo.

Noun

úl f (definite usha)

1. stick

Inflection

Declension of úl

	Singular	Plural
Absolutive	úl	uló

Tashelhit

اول ن وفڭان

Etymology

Inherited from Medieval Tashelhit اُولْ (ul, “heart”), from Proto-Berber *ulβ (“heart”), metathesized from earlier *lŭb, ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *lib- (“heart”).

Cognate with Zenaga ūy (“heart”), Tamasheq ulh (“heart”), Egyptian jb (“heart”), and Proto-Semitic *libb- (“heart”), whence Akkadian 𒊮 (libbum), and Arabic لُبّ (lubb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ul/

Noun

ul m (plural ulawn, Tifinagh spelling ⵓⵍ, Arabic spelling اول)

1. heart

   سبحانَهُ ، اولاون اغ يتّمناد ربّي.

   Subḥanahu, ulawn a ġ ittmnad Ṛbbi.

   Praise be to him, it is in the hearts that God looks.

Inflection

Inflection of ul

	singular	plural
free state	ul	ulawn
annexed state	wul	wulawn

Derived terms

• ulawn n tayni (“palm branches”)

See also

• tasa (“liver”)
• tiɣssa (“body”)
• turt (“lungs”)

References

• Stroomer, Harry (2025), Dictionnaire berbère tachelḥiyt-français — Tome 1 a—e (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 188/1) (in French), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 2865b
• Maarten Kossmann (1999), Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère (Grammatical analyses of african languages; 12) (in French), Leiden, The Netherlands: ‎Rüdiger Köppe, →ISBN, page 82

Tuareg

Alternative forms

• ulh (Tamasheq)

Etymology

From Proto-Berber *ulβ, from Proto-Afroasiatic *lib- (“heart”).

Noun

ul m (plural ulawen)

1. (Tamahaq) heart

West Flemish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /øl/
• Rhymes: -øl

Noun

ul m (plural uls, diminutive ulletje)

1. lid (top or cover of a container)