فرانق

Arabic

Etymology

From Middle Persian plwʾnk' (parwānag).

Noun

فُرَانِق • (furāniq) m (plural فُرَانِقُون (furāniqūn)) (obsolete)

1. courier, messenger

   Synonyms: فَيْج (fayj), رَسُول (rasūl), قَيْنَاب (qaynāb), قَانِب (qānib), بَرِيد (barīd)

   • p. 700, a forger of Imruʾ al-Qays, سما لكَ شوقٌ بعدما كان أقصر ^{[1] [2]}:

     وَإِنِّي زَعِيمٌ (var. أَذِينٌ) إِنْ رَجِعْتُ مُمَلَّكٌ / بِسَيْرٍ تَرَى مِنْهُ الفُرَانِقَ أَزْوَرَا
     عَلَى لَاحِبٍ لَا يَهْتَدِي بِمَنَارِهِ / إِذَا سَافَهُ الْعَوْدُ النُّبَاطِيُّ (var. دِيَافِيُّ) جَرْجَرَا
     عَلَى كُلِّ مَقْصُوصِ الذُنَابَى مُعَاوِدٍ / بَرِيدَ السَرَى بِاللَيْلِ مِن خَيْلِ بَرْبَرَا

     wa-ʔinnī zaʕīmun (var. ʔaḏīnun) ʔin rajiʕtu mumallakun / bi-sayrin tarā minhu l-furāniqa ʔazwarā
     ʕalā lāḥibin lā yahtadī bi-manāri-hī / ʔiḏā sāfa-hū l-ʕawdu n-nubāṭiyyu (var. diyāfiyyu) jarjarā
     ʕalā kulli maqṣūṣi ḏ-ḏunābā muʕāwidin / barīda s-sarā bi-l-layli min ḵayli barbarā

     And when I am the leader, back in the kingly rights, I trip so fast that you but see asquint the courier
     on an open road guided by no waymark, when it is smelled by the Nabataean camel dragging forward
     on every clipped bird-tail returning nocturnal journey’s mail by night from a horse that whinnied.

2. army leader

Declension

Declension of noun فُرَانِق (furāniq)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فُرَانِق furāniq	الْفُرَانِق al-furāniq	فُرَانِق furāniq
Nominative	فُرَانِقٌ furāniqun	الْفُرَانِقُ al-furāniqu	فُرَانِقُ furāniqu
Accusative	فُرَانِقًا furāniqan	الْفُرَانِقَ al-furāniqa	فُرَانِقَ furāniqa
Genitive	فُرَانِقٍ furāniqin	الْفُرَانِقِ al-furāniqi	فُرَانِقِ furāniqi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فُرَانِقَيْن furāniqayn	الْفُرَانِقَيْن al-furāniqayn	فُرَانِقَيْ furāniqay
Nominative	فُرَانِقَانِ furāniqāni	الْفُرَانِقَانِ al-furāniqāni	فُرَانِقَا furāniqā
Accusative	فُرَانِقَيْنِ furāniqayni	الْفُرَانِقَيْنِ al-furāniqayni	فُرَانِقَيْ furāniqay
Genitive	فُرَانِقَيْنِ furāniqayni	الْفُرَانِقَيْنِ al-furāniqayni	فُرَانِقَيْ furāniqay
Plural	sound masculine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فُرَانِقِين furāniqīn	الْفُرَانِقِين al-furāniqīn	فُرَانِقِي furāniqī
Nominative	فُرَانِقُونَ furāniqūna	الْفُرَانِقُونَ al-furāniqūna	فُرَانِقُو furāniqū
Accusative	فُرَانِقِينَ furāniqīna	الْفُرَانِقِينَ al-furāniqīna	فُرَانِقِي furāniqī
Genitive	فُرَانِقِينَ furāniqīna	الْفُرَانِقِينَ al-furāniqīna	فُرَانِقِي furāniqī

References

• Garosi, Eugenio (2022 December 1) “Regional Diversity in the Use of Administrative Loanwords in Early Islamic Arabic Documentary Sources (632–800 CE): A Preliminary Survey”, in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean World. From Constantinople to Baghdad, 500-1000 CE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 412
• Ullmann, Manfred (1997) Zur Geschichte des Wortes barīd „Post“ [About the history of the word barīd ‘post’] (Beiträge zur Lexikographie des Klassischen Arabisch; 13)‎^[3] (in German), München: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission bei der C.H.Beck’schen Verlagsbuchhandlung, →ISBN, pages 54–59