अभद्र
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Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Classical Sanskrit अभद्र (abhadra). By surface analysis, अ- (a-) + भद्र (bhadra).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]अभद्र • (abhadra) (indeclinable)
- indecent, uncivil
- 2000, Ajay Shankar Pandey, स्वाधीनता संघर्ष और पुलिस [Freedom struggle and police], Radhakrishna Prakashan, →ISBN, page 167:
- प्रशिक्षण के समय ऐसे कई तरीके अपनाए जाते थे, ऐसा व्यवहार किया जाता था कि प्रशिक्षार्थी स्वाभाविक रूप से गाली-गलौज करना, अभद्र व्यवहार करना सीख जाता था।
- praśikṣaṇ ke samay aise kaī tarīke apnāe jāte the, aisā vyavhār kiyā jātā thā ki praśikṣārthī svābhāvik rūp se gālī-galauj karnā, abhadra vyavhār karnā sīkh jātā thā.
- At the time of training, many such methods were adopted, such treatment was given that the trainee naturally learned to use abusive language and have an uncivil conduct.
- 2004, Prem Singh, कट्टरता जीतेगी या उदारता [Will fanaticism win or liberality], Rajkamal Prakashan, →ISBN, page 50:
- आज़ाद भारत में ऐसा कोई रिकार्ड शायद ही मिले कि अल्पसंख्यकों ने संघ संप्रदाय के खिलाफ़ कभी अभद्र भाषा का इस्तेमाल किया हो।
- āzād bhārat mẽ aisā koī rikārḍ śāyad hī mile ki alpasaṅkhyakõ ne saṅgh sampradāy ke khilāf kabhī abhadra bhāṣā kā istemāl kiyā ho.
- There is hardly any record in independent India that minorities have ever used indecent language against the sangha sect.
Further reading
[edit]- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “अभद्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 47
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- অভদ্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬪᬤ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- অভদ্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰥𑰟𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀪𑀤𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- အဘဒြ (Burmese script)
- અભદ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਅਭਦ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌭𑌦𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦨꦢꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂦𑂠𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಅಭದ್ರ (Kannada script)
- អភទ្រ (Khmer script)
- ອຠທ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- അഭദ്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᢨᠠᡩᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘥𑘟𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠠᠪᠾᠠᢑᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑧅𑦿𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐨𑐡𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଅଭଦ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢂꢩꢣ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆨𑆢𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖥𑖟𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- අභද්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩳𑩭 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚡𑚛𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- அப⁴த்³ர (Tamil script)
- అభద్ర (Telugu script)
- อภทฺร (Thai script)
- ཨ་བྷ་དྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒦𑒠𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨡𑨛𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From अ- (a-, “not”) + भद्र (bhadrá, “auspicious; good; pleasant”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐˈbʱɐd̪.ɾɐ/
Adjective
[edit]अभद्र • (abhadra) stem (Classical Sanskrit)
- inauspicious; bad; evil
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 7.5.29:
- गुरुणैवं प्रतिप्रोक्तो भूय आहासुरः सुतम् ।
न चेद्गुरुमुखीयं ते कुतोऽभद्रासती मतिः ॥- guruṇaivaṃ pratiprokto bhūya āhāsuraḥ sutam.
na cedgurumukhīyaṃ te kutoʼbhadrāsatī matiḥ. - When Hiranyakashipu received this reply from the teacher, he again addressed his son. He said: if you have not received this education from your teachers, from where has your mind become so bad, O inauspicious [one]?
- guruṇaivaṃ pratiprokto bhūya āhāsuraḥ sutam.
- गुरुणैवं प्रतिप्रोक्तो भूय आहासुरः सुतम् ।
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 11.7.5.2:
- जनोऽभद्ररुचिर्भद्र भविष्यति कलौ युगे ॥
- janoʼbhadrarucirbhadra bhaviṣyati kalau yuge.
- O good one, in the Kali Yuga, a person will take a liking to [that which is] bad.
- जनोऽभद्ररुचिर्भद्र भविष्यति कलौ युगे ॥
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of अभद्र (abhadra) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | अभद्रः abhadraḥ |
अभद्रौ abhadrau |
अभद्राः abhadrāḥ |
Vocative | अभद्र abhadra |
अभद्रौ abhadrau |
अभद्राः abhadrāḥ |
Accusative | अभद्रम् abhadram |
अभद्रौ abhadrau |
अभद्रान् abhadrān |
Instrumental | अभद्रेण abhadreṇa |
अभद्राभ्याम् abhadrābhyām |
अभद्रैः abhadraiḥ |
Dative | अभद्राय abhadrāya |
अभद्राभ्याम् abhadrābhyām |
अभद्रेभ्यः abhadrebhyaḥ |
Ablative | अभद्रात् abhadrāt |
अभद्राभ्याम् abhadrābhyām |
अभद्रेभ्यः abhadrebhyaḥ |
Genitive | अभद्रस्य abhadrasya |
अभद्रयोः abhadrayoḥ |
अभद्राणाम् abhadrāṇām |
Locative | अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्रयोः abhadrayoḥ |
अभद्रेषु abhadreṣu |
Feminine ā-stem declension of अभद्रा (abhadrā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | अभद्रा abhadrā |
अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्राः abhadrāḥ |
Vocative | अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्राः abhadrāḥ |
Accusative | अभद्राम् abhadrām |
अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्राः abhadrāḥ |
Instrumental | अभद्रया abhadrayā |
अभद्राभ्याम् abhadrābhyām |
अभद्राभिः abhadrābhiḥ |
Dative | अभद्रायै abhadrāyai |
अभद्राभ्याम् abhadrābhyām |
अभद्राभ्यः abhadrābhyaḥ |
Ablative | अभद्रायाः abhadrāyāḥ |
अभद्राभ्याम् abhadrābhyām |
अभद्राभ्यः abhadrābhyaḥ |
Genitive | अभद्रायाः abhadrāyāḥ |
अभद्रयोः abhadrayoḥ |
अभद्राणाम् abhadrāṇām |
Locative | अभद्रायाम् abhadrāyām |
अभद्रयोः abhadrayoḥ |
अभद्रासु abhadrāsu |
Neuter a-stem declension of अभद्र (abhadra) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | अभद्रम् abhadram |
अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्राणि abhadrāṇi |
Vocative | अभद्र abhadra |
अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्राणि abhadrāṇi |
Accusative | अभद्रम् abhadram |
अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्राणि abhadrāṇi |
Instrumental | अभद्रेण abhadreṇa |
अभद्राभ्याम् abhadrābhyām |
अभद्रैः abhadraiḥ |
Dative | अभद्राय abhadrāya |
अभद्राभ्याम् abhadrābhyām |
अभद्रेभ्यः abhadrebhyaḥ |
Ablative | अभद्रात् abhadrāt |
अभद्राभ्याम् abhadrābhyām |
अभद्रेभ्यः abhadrebhyaḥ |
Genitive | अभद्रस्य abhadrasya |
अभद्रयोः abhadrayoḥ |
अभद्राणाम् abhadrāṇām |
Locative | अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्रयोः abhadrayoḥ |
अभद्रेषु abhadreṣu |
Noun
[edit]अभद्र • (abhadra) stem, n (Classical Sanskrit)
- badness, wickedness, evilness; sin
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 1.2.17.2:
- हृद्यन्तःस्थो ह्य्अभद्राणि विधूनोति सुहृत्सताम् ॥
- hṛdyantaḥstho hyabhadrāṇi vidhūnoti suhṛtsatām.
- He [Krishna] destroys the badnesses in the inside of the heart of the good-hearted people.
- हृद्यन्तःस्थो ह्य्अभद्राणि विधूनोति सुहृत्सताम् ॥
Declension
[edit]Neuter a-stem declension of अभद्र (abhadra) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | अभद्रम् abhadram |
अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्राणि abhadrāṇi |
Vocative | अभद्र abhadra |
अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्राणि abhadrāṇi |
Accusative | अभद्रम् abhadram |
अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्राणि abhadrāṇi |
Instrumental | अभद्रेण abhadreṇa |
अभद्राभ्याम् abhadrābhyām |
अभद्रैः abhadraiḥ |
Dative | अभद्राय abhadrāya |
अभद्राभ्याम् abhadrābhyām |
अभद्रेभ्यः abhadrebhyaḥ |
Ablative | अभद्रात् abhadrāt |
अभद्राभ्याम् abhadrābhyām |
अभद्रेभ्यः abhadrebhyaḥ |
Genitive | अभद्रस्य abhadrasya |
अभद्रयोः abhadrayoḥ |
अभद्राणाम् abhadrāṇām |
Locative | अभद्रे abhadre |
अभद्रयोः abhadrayoḥ |
अभद्रेषु abhadreṣu |
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “अभद्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 60, column 3.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “abhadra”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “अभद्र”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 167
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “अभद्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 22
Categories:
- Hindi terms borrowed from Classical Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Classical Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Classical Sanskrit
- Hindi terms prefixed with अ-
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- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
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