उषस्

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Huṣā́s, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hušā́s, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion. Cognate with Latin Aurora/aurora, Ancient Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs)/ἠώς (ēṓs) and possibly Old English Ēostre.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /u.ʂɐ́s/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈu.ʂɐs̪/

Noun

उषस् • (uṣás) f

1. morning light, dawn, morning
   • RV 3.20.1

     अग्निमुषसमश्विना दधिक्रां वयुष्टिषु हवते वह्निरुक्थैः |

     सुज्योतिषो नः शर्ण्वन्तु देवाः सजोषसो अध्वरं वावशानाः |

     |

     ||

     WITH lauds at break of morn the priest invoketh Agni, Dawn, Dadhikrās, and both the Aśvins.

     With one consent the Gods whose light is splendid, longing to taste our sacrifice, shall hear us.

2. Ushas (personified as the daughter of heaven and sister of the Adityas and the night)
   • RV 6.64.1

     उदु शरिय उषसो रोचमाना अस्थुरपां नोर्मयो रुशन्तः |

     कृणोति विश्वा सुपथा सुगान्यभूदु वस्वी दक्षिणामघोनी ||

     |

     ||

     THE radiant Dawns have risen up for glory, in their white splendour like the waves of waters.

     She maketh paths all easy, fair to travel, and, rich, hath shown herself benign and friendly.

3. the evening light
4. name of a wife of Bhava or Rudra
5. (in the dual) night and morning
   • RV 3.4.6

     आ भन्दमाने उषसा उपाके उत समयेते तन्वा विरूपे |

     यथा नो मित्रो वरुणो जुजोषदिन्द्रो मरुत्वानुत वा महोभिः ||

     |

     ||

     Night and Dawn, lauded, hither come together, both smiling, different are their forms in colour,

     That Varuṇa and Mitra may accept us, and Indra, girt by Maruts, with his glories.

Declension

Feminine as-stem declension of उषस् (uṣás)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	उषाः uṣā́ḥ	उषसा / उषासा / उषासौ uṣásā / uṣā́sā / uṣā́sau	उषासः / उषसः uṣā́saḥ / uṣásaḥ
Vocative	उषः úṣaḥ	उषसौ / उषसा¹ úṣasau / úṣasā¹	उषसः / उषाः¹ úṣasaḥ / úṣāḥ¹
Accusative	उषसम् / उषाम्¹ uṣásam / uṣā́m¹	उषसौ / उषसा¹ uṣásau / uṣásā¹	उषसः / उषाः¹ uṣásaḥ / uṣā́ḥ¹
Instrumental	उषसा uṣásā	उषोभ्याम् uṣóbhyām	उषद्भिः uṣádbhiḥ
Dative	उषसे uṣáse	उषोभ्याम् uṣóbhyām	उषोभ्यः uṣóbhyaḥ
Ablative	उषसः uṣásaḥ	उषोभ्याम् uṣóbhyām	उषोभ्यः uṣóbhyaḥ
Genitive	उषसः uṣásaḥ	उषसोः uṣásoḥ	उषसाम् uṣásām
Locative	उषसि uṣási	उषसोः uṣásoḥ	उषःसु uṣáḥsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

उषस् • (uṣás) n

1. daybreak, dawn, twilight
2. the outer passage of the ear
3. the मालय (mālaya) range

Declension

Neuter as-stem declension of उषस् (uṣás)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	उषः uṣáḥ	उषसी uṣásī	उषांसि uṣā́ṃsi
Vocative	उषः úṣaḥ	उषसी úṣasī	उषांसि úṣāṃsi
Accusative	उषः uṣáḥ	उषसी uṣásī	उषांसि uṣā́ṃsi
Instrumental	उषसा uṣásā	उषोभ्याम् uṣóbhyām	उषोभिः uṣóbhiḥ
Dative	उषसे uṣáse	उषोभ्याम् uṣóbhyām	उषोभ्यः uṣóbhyaḥ
Ablative	उषसः uṣásaḥ	उषोभ्याम् uṣóbhyām	उषोभ्यः uṣóbhyaḥ
Genitive	उषसः uṣásaḥ	उषसोः uṣásoḥ	उषसाम् uṣásām
Locative	उषसि uṣási	उषसोः uṣásoḥ	उषःसु uṣáḥsu