कष्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কষ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬱ᭄ (Balinese script)
• কষ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰬𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀱𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ကၑ် (Burmese script)
• કષ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਕਸ਼੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌷𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦰ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂭𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಕಷ್ (Kannada script)
• កឞ៑ (Khmer script)
• ກຩ຺ (Lao script)
• കഷ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠᢢ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘬𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᢔ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧌𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐲𑑂 (Newa script)
• କଷ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢰ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆰𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖬𑖿 (Siddham script)
• කෂ් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑪀 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚶 (Takri script)
• கஷ் (Tamil script)
• కష్ (Telugu script)
• กษฺ (Thai script)
• ཀ་ཥ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒭𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨯𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From a colloquial form of the root कृष् (kṛṣ, “to draw, pull, drag”). Pokorny's original derivation from a supposed Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub”) (for which he cites Proto-Slavic *korsta (“scab”), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”), and English harsh) is obsolete.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐʂ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /kɐʂ/

Root

कष् • (kaṣ)

1. to rub, scratch, scrape
2. to itch
3. to rub with a touchstone, test, try
4. to injure, hurt, destroy
5. to leap

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कष्‎ (0 c, 3 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• कषति (káṣati, Present)
• कषिष्यति (kaṣiṣyáti, Future)
• कषिता (kaṣitā́, Periphrastic Future)
• अकाषीत् (ákāṣīt, Aorist)
• चकाष (cakā́ṣa, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• कष्यते (kaṣyáte, Passive)
• अकाषि (ákāṣi, Passive)
• काषयति (kāṣáyati, Causative)
• अचीकषत् (ácīkaṣat, Causative)
• चिकषिषति (cikaṣiṣati, Desiderative)
• चाकषीति (cākaṣīti, Intensive)
• चाकष्यते (cākaṣyate, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• कषितुम् (káṣitum, Infinitive)
• कषित्वा (kaṣitvā́, Gerund)
• कषित (kaṣitá, Past Participle)

Derived Nominal Forms

• कष (káṣa, “rubbing, scraping, rubbing away”)
• कषण (káṣaṇa, “rubbing oneself”)
• कषि (kaṣí, “hurtful, injurious”)
• कषाय (kaṣāya, “astringent, extract”)
• कष्ट (kaṣṭá, “injury, pain, hardship”)

Descendants

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root कष्‎ (1 c, 0 e)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “कष्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0265/2.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 018
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “कष्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 331-2
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 269
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 532, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 532
• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 231