केसर

See also: कसर

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara), from Prakrit 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara), from Sanskrit केसर (kesara, “hair, saffron”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *káysaras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káysaras, from Proto-Indo-European *kéysero- (“hair”). The sense of "saffron" developed in Sanskrit based on the spice's physical resemblance to hair. Cognate with Bengali কেশর (keśor)

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /keː.səɾ/, [keː.sɐɾ]

Noun

केसर • (kesar) m (Urdu spelling کیسر)

1. the stigma or pistil of a flower, especially of the crocus (Crocus sativus)
2. filament of a lotus
3. saffron

   Synonyms: कुंकुम (kuṅkum), ज़ाफ़रान (zāfrān)

4. saffron or yellow

   केसर:  

Declension

Declension of केसर (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	केसर kesar	केसर kesar
oblique	केसर kesar	केसरों kesarõ
vocative	केसर kesar	केसरो kesaro

Descendants

• → English: kesar

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “केसर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Monier Williams (1899) “केसर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 310.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kḗsara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

• কেসৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬾᬲᬭ (Balinese script)
• কেসর (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰸𑰭𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ကေသရ (Burmese script)
• કેસર (Gujarati script)
• ਕੇਸਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑍇𑌸𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦺꦱꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂵𑂮𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಕೇಸರ (Kannada script)
• កេសរ (Khmer script)
• ເກສຣ (Lao script)
• കേസര (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᡝᠰ᠌ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘹𑘭𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠧᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧚𑧍𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐾𑐳𑐬 (Newa script)
• କେସର (Odia script)
• ꢒꢾꢱꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆼𑆱𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖸𑖭𑖨 (Siddham script)
• කෙසර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩔𑪁𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚲𑚨𑚤 (Takri script)
• கேஸர (Tamil script)
• కేసర (Telugu script)
• เกสร (Thai script)
• ཀེ་ས་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒹𑒮𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨄𑨰𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Sense "hair, mane" is from Proto-Indo-Aryan *káysaras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káysaras, from Proto-Indo-European *kéysero- (“hair”). Cognate with Latin caesaries.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐ́j.sɐ.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /keː.s̪ɐ.ɾɐ/

Noun

केसर • (késara) stem, m or n

1. hair

   Synonyms: वाल (valá), वल्श (válśa), केश (kéśa)

2. mane
3. any fibre or filament of flowers or vegetables, resembling strands of hair
4. saffron; the spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, resembling hair

   Synonym: कुङ्कुम (kuṅkuma)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of केसर

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	केसरः (késaraḥ)	केसरौ (késarau) केसरा¹ (késarā¹)	केसराः (késarāḥ) केसरासः¹ (késarāsaḥ¹)
accusative	केसरम् (késaram)	केसरौ (késarau) केसरा¹ (késarā¹)	केसरान् (késarān)
instrumental	केसरेण (késareṇa)	केसराभ्याम् (késarābhyām)	केसरैः (késaraiḥ) केसरेभिः¹ (késarebhiḥ¹)
dative	केसराय (késarāya)	केसराभ्याम् (késarābhyām)	केसरेभ्यः (késarebhyaḥ)
ablative	केसरात् (késarāt)	केसराभ्याम् (késarābhyām)	केसरेभ्यः (késarebhyaḥ)
genitive	केसरस्य (késarasya)	केसरयोः (késarayoḥ)	केसराणाम् (késarāṇām)
locative	केसरे (késare)	केसरयोः (késarayoḥ)	केसरेषु (késareṣu)
vocative	केसर (késara)	केसरौ (késarau) केसरा¹ (késarā¹)	केसराः (késarāḥ) केसरासः¹ (késarāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of केसर

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	केसरम् (késaram)	केसरे (késare)	केसराणि (késarāṇi) केसरा¹ (késarā¹)
accusative	केसरम् (késaram)	केसरे (késare)	केसराणि (késarāṇi) केसरा¹ (késarā¹)
instrumental	केसरेण (késareṇa)	केसराभ्याम् (késarābhyām)	केसरैः (késaraiḥ) केसरेभिः¹ (késarebhiḥ¹)
dative	केसराय (késarāya)	केसराभ्याम् (késarābhyām)	केसरेभ्यः (késarebhyaḥ)
ablative	केसरात् (késarāt)	केसराभ्याम् (késarābhyām)	केसरेभ्यः (késarebhyaḥ)
genitive	केसरस्य (késarasya)	केसरयोः (késarayoḥ)	केसराणाम् (késarāṇām)
locative	केसरे (késare)	केसरयोः (késarayoḥ)	केसरेषु (késareṣu)
vocative	केसर (késara)	केसरे (késare)	केसराणि (késarāṇi) केसरा¹ (késarā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Related terms

• केसरी (kesarī)
• केशर (keśara)

Descendants

• Pali: kesara
• Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
      • Hindustani:
        • Hindi: केसर (kēsar)
          • → English: kesar
        • Urdu: کیسر (kēsar)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
      • Bengali: কেশর (keśor), কেসর (keśor)
      • Odia: କେଶର (keśara), କେସର (kesara)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Nepali: केश्रो (keśro), केशर (keśar)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Punjabi:

          Gurmukhi script: ਕੇਸਰ (kēsar)

          Shahmukhi script: کیسَر (kēsar)

      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi:
          • Devanagari script: कैसरि (kaisari)
          • Arabic script: ڪَيسَْرِ (kaisari)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ކެހެރި (keheri)
      • Sinhalese: කෙසර (kesara), කෙසුරු (kesuru)
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
      • Marathi: केंसर (keusar), केशर (keśar)
  • Western:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
      • Gujarati: કેસર (kesar)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “केसर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 310.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kḗsara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press