गर्दभ

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Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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Of unclear origin.

Perhaps a derivation from the possibly onomatopoeic root गर्द् (gard, to cry), with a suffix formed by analogy to the one in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha, bull).[1]

An alternative theory considers the word as a Dravidian borrowing, formed as *गर्द (garda) + an Indo-European animal suffix *भ (bha) as seen in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) above; compare Tamil கழுதை (kaḻutai), Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde), Duruwa [script needed] (garad).[2] However, the formal mismatch between the Dravidian and Sanskrit forms, the Sanskrit word's Vedic status, the gratuitous attachment of a bound suffix of supposed Indo-European origin to a loaned word, and the fact that donkeys were well-known to steppe tribes (including the Indo-Iranians), casts doubt on this derivation.[1][3]

Possibly related to Tocharian B kercapo (donkey), perhaps via a borrowing from Sanskrit to Tocharian, though further details are uncertain.[3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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गर्दभ (gardabhá) stemm

  1. ass, donkey

Declension

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Masculine a-stem declension of गर्दभ (gardabhá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative गर्दभः
gardabháḥ
गर्दभौ / गर्दभा¹
gardabhaú / gardabhā́¹
गर्दभाः / गर्दभासः¹
gardabhā́ḥ / gardabhā́saḥ¹
Vocative गर्दभ
gárdabha
गर्दभौ / गर्दभा¹
gárdabhau / gárdabhā¹
गर्दभाः / गर्दभासः¹
gárdabhāḥ / gárdabhāsaḥ¹
Accusative गर्दभम्
gardabhám
गर्दभौ / गर्दभा¹
gardabhaú / gardabhā́¹
गर्दभान्
gardabhā́n
Instrumental गर्दभेन
gardabhéna
गर्दभाभ्याम्
gardabhā́bhyām
गर्दभैः / गर्दभेभिः¹
gardabhaíḥ / gardabhébhiḥ¹
Dative गर्दभाय
gardabhā́ya
गर्दभाभ्याम्
gardabhā́bhyām
गर्दभेभ्यः
gardabhébhyaḥ
Ablative गर्दभात्
gardabhā́t
गर्दभाभ्याम्
gardabhā́bhyām
गर्दभेभ्यः
gardabhébhyaḥ
Genitive गर्दभस्य
gardabhásya
गर्दभयोः
gardabháyoḥ
गर्दभानाम्
gardabhā́nām
Locative गर्दभे
gardabhé
गर्दभयोः
gardabháyoḥ
गर्दभेषु
gardabhéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms

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  • गर्दभक (gardabhaka, of or relating to a donkey)
  • गर्दभी (gardabhī, female donkey / jenny)
  • गार्दभ (gārdabha, of or relating to a donkey)
    • Kannada: ಗಾರ್ದಭ (gārdabha, donkey)

Descendants

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 473
  2. ^ Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “1364”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 126.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 328