चकार

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• cakāra (Latin script)
• 𑀘𑀓𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• চকার (Bengali script)
• චකාර (Sinhalese script)
• စကာရ or ၸၵႃရ (Burmese script)
• จการ or จะการะ (Thai script)
• ᨧᨠᩣᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ຈກາຣ or ຈະກາຣະ (Lao script)
• ចការ (Khmer script)
• 𑄌𑄇𑄂𑄢 (Chakma script)

Noun

चकार m

1. Devanagari script form of cakāra (“the letter 'c'”)
   • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎^[1], page 11; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

     सब्बो ति इच्चेसो सद्दो सरे परे क्वचि चकारं पप्पोति

     Sabbo ti icceso saddo sare pare kvaci cakāraṃ pappoti.

     For all 'ti', this sound sometimes becomes 'c' before another vowel.

Declension

Declension table of "चकार" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	चकारो (cakāro)	चकारा (cakārā)
Accusative (second)	चकारं (cakāraṃ)	चकारे (cakāre)
Instrumental (third)	चकारेन (cakārena)	चकारेहि (cakārehi) or चकारेभि (cakārebhi)
Dative (fourth)	चकारस्स (cakārassa) or चकाराय (cakārāya) or चकारत्थं (cakāratthaṃ)	चकारानं (cakārānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	चकारस्मा (cakārasmā) or चकारम्हा (cakāramhā) or चकारा (cakārā)	चकारेहि (cakārehi) or चकारेभि (cakārebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	चकारस्स (cakārassa)	चकारानं (cakārānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	चकारस्मिं (cakārasmiṃ) or चकारम्हि (cakāramhi) or चकारे (cakāre)	चकारेसु (cakāresu)
Vocative (calling)	चकार (cakāra)	चकारा (cakārā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• চকাৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬓᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
• চকার (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰎𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀓𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• စကာရ (Burmese script)
• ચકાર (Gujarati script)
• ਚਕਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑌕𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦏꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂍𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಚಕಾರ (Kannada script)
• ចការ (Khmer script)
• ຈກາຣ (Lao script)
• ചകാര (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᠠᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘎𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠠᢉᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑦮𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐎𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଚକାର (Odia script)
• ꢗꢒꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆑𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖎𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
• චකාර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩜𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚊𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
• சகார (Tamil script)
• చకార (Telugu script)
• จการ (Thai script)
• ཙ་ཀཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒏𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨋𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćakā́ra, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakā́ra, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe-kʷór-e.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ.kɑ́ː.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐˈkɑː.ɾɐ/

Verb

चकार • (cakā́ra) third-singular indicative (type U, perfect, root कृ)

1. perfect of कृ (kṛ)

Conjugation

Perfect: चकार (cakā́ra), चक्रे (cakré)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	चकार cakā́ra	चक्रतुः cakrátuḥ	चक्रुः cakrúḥ	चक्रे cakré	चक्राते cakrā́te	चक्रिरे cakriré
Second	चकर्थ cakártha	चक्रथुः cakráthuḥ	चक्र cakrá	चकृषे cakṛṣé	चक्राथे cakrā́the	चकृध्वे cakṛdhvé
First	चकर / चकार cakára / cakā́ra	चकृव cakṛvá	चकृम cakṛmá	चक्रे cakré	चकृवहे cakṛváhe	चकृमहे cakṛmáhe
Participles
	चकृवांस् cakṛvā́ṃs			चक्राण cakrāṇá

The second-singular perfect optative चक्रियाः (cakriyāḥ) occurs in Rigveda 8,45,18.

Of Vedic pluperfect forms occur: अचक्रत् (acakrat, third-singular active), अचक्रिरन् (ácakriran, third-plural middle) and चकरम् (cakaram, augmentless first-singular active).

Etymology 2

Compound of च (ca, the letter) +‎ कार (kāra, term designating a letter or sound).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐˈkɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

चकार • (cakāra) stem, m

1. The name of the Devanagari letter च (ca).
2. the sound of the च letter, /t͡ɕɐ/

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चकार (cakāra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	चकारः cakāraḥ	चकारौ cakārau	चकाराः cakārāḥ
Vocative	चकार cakāra	चकारौ cakārau	चकाराः cakārāḥ
Accusative	चकारम् cakāram	चकारौ cakārau	चकारान् cakārān
Instrumental	चकारेण cakāreṇa	चकाराभ्याम् cakārābhyām	चकारैः cakāraiḥ
Dative	चकाराय cakārāya	चकाराभ्याम् cakārābhyām	चकारेभ्यः cakārebhyaḥ
Ablative	चकारात् cakārāt	चकाराभ्याम् cakārābhyām	चकारेभ्यः cakārebhyaḥ
Genitive	चकारस्य cakārasya	चकारयोः cakārayoḥ	चकाराणाम् cakārāṇām
Locative	चकारे cakāre	चकारयोः cakārayoḥ	चकारेषु cakāreṣu

Hypernyms

• तालव्य (tālavya, “palatal”)
• अल्पप्राण (alpaprāṇa, “unaspirated”)

Coordinate terms

palatal letters and sounds

• छकार (chakāra)
• जकार (jakāra)
• झकार (jhakāra)
• ञकार (ñakāra)
• यकार (yakāra)
• शकार (śakāra)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “चकार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 380, column 1.